摘要
农业规模化机械化是东北地区农业产业发展的必然趋势,规模化水田布局除了考虑灌溉效率问题,还需要协同农机作业性能等目标来满足当前农业生产的需求。本文将田间试验与数值模拟相结合,田间试验测量了庆安国家灌溉试验重点站内22块水田的收割机生产率,数值模拟选取了收割机机型、田块面积、田块长宽比共计210组方案,利用收割机生产率模型开展数值模拟,分析了水田不同形状、面积和长宽比对收割机生产率的影响,探究了基于较高收割机生产率前提下东北地区适宜水田规格阈值。研究结果表明,具有较大面积、较大长宽比的矩形水田规格有较高的收割机生产率,适宜东北地区水田长度和宽度的阈值分别为[160 m,200 m]和[40 m,200 m],该结果可为水田优化布局提供技术参考。
Large-scale agricultural mechanization is an inevitable trend in the development of agricultural industry in Northeast China.Large-scale paddy field layout not only considers irrigation efficiency,but also needs to meet the needs of current agricultural production by cooperating with agricultural machinery performance and other goals.In this paper,harvester productivity is adopted as the evaluation index.Field experiments were carried out at Qing’an National Key Irrigation Experimental Station in Suihua City,Heilongjiang Province,China.In the field experiment,Changfa CF805N,a domestic model commonly used in Heilongjiang Province,and 22 paddy fields of different sizes and shapes in the experimental station were selected.Based on the results of field experiments,the effects of paddy field shape,area and length-width ratio on harvesting productivity were analyzed respectively.The results showed that paddy field area was the factor affecting harvester productivity,and the productivity of harvester increased with the increase of paddy field area,and the increasing trend gradually slowed down.There was a good logarithmic relationship between the two,and the R 2 was 0.96.By comparing the productivity of harvesters corresponding to five groups of paddy field scale with the same or close area,it can be concluded that the productivity of harvesters with larger aspect ratio of paddy field with the same paddy field area is relatively higher,and the larger the difference of aspect ratio of paddy field is,the larger the difference of harvester productivity is.By comparing the productivity of harvester corresponding to four groups of paddy fields with the same or close area,it can be concluded that under the same area,the productivity of harvester is in the order of rectangular paddy field>L-shaped paddy field>triangular paddy field.The general conclusion that the size of rectangular paddy field with larger area and aspect ratio has higher harvester productivity can be drawn from field experiments.In order to determine the suitable size of paddy field in practical production,numerical simulation method is used to carry out further research.The harvester productivity model was calibrated and verified by field experiment data,and three kinds of harvesters,namely Kubota PRO488,Changfa CF805N and Revo Gurgod GF4,were selected for numerical simulation.The spatial distribution of productivity under different combination of harvester model,paddy field area and aspect ratio was analyzed.Taking the top 20%productivity as the non-inferior solution,the non-inferior solution of the three models was projected on the surface of field length and width,and the paddy field specification threshold with higher harvester productivity was obtained.The suitable threshold values for paddy field length and width in northeast China are[160 m,200 m]and[40 m,200 m],respectively.The results can provide a technical reference for paddy field layout optimization.
作者
张凯
杨姗姗
白美健
张雪萍
史源
李益农
ZHANG Kai;YANG Shanshan;BAI Meijian;ZHANG Xueping;SHI Yuan;LI Yinong(State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China;Key Laboratory of River Basin Digital Twinning of Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100048,China;Chinese Hydraulic Engineering Society,Beijing 100053,China;Beijing IWHR Corporation,Beijing 100048,China)
出处
《中国水利水电科学研究院学报（中英文）》
北大核心
2023年第2期157-165,共9页
Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(52130906)
中国水科院创新团队项目(ID0145B022021)。
关键词
收割机生产率
水田规格
东北地区
数值模拟
试验
harvester productivity
paddy field scale
northeast China
numerical simulation
experiments
作者简介
张凯(1990-),博士,工程师,主要从事节水灌溉理论与技术研究。E-mail:zhangkai@iwhr.com。
