摘要
针对上覆岩层赋存硬厚岩层,采用相似材料模拟试验的方法,制作了工作面上覆硬厚岩层的相似模型,研究了硬厚岩层下覆岩结构和裂隙演化特征,分析了硬厚岩层破断致灾成因。研究结果表明,工作面推进后,上覆岩层走向断面上逐渐形成梯形结构,硬厚岩层的存在屏蔽了梯形结构的纵向发育;硬厚岩层下最大离层裂隙发育呈跳跃式上升,占据了煤层开采的大部分空间,为瓦斯积聚创造了空间;破断裂隙和离层裂隙相互贯通,在工作面侧和切眼侧的形成了双向互通的竖向破断裂隙区,为瓦斯运移提供了路径。开采煤层附近释放的瓦斯顺着两侧竖向破断裂隙区进入上覆岩层最大离层裂隙,最终积聚在占据了煤层开采大部分空间的硬厚岩层下最大离层裂隙。硬厚岩层破断后瓦斯空间急剧减小,瓦斯压力快速上升,瓦斯经两侧竖向破断裂隙区涌向工作面,易诱发瓦斯突涌等灾害。
Aiming at the occurrence of hard and thick strata in the overlying strata, a similar model of the hard and thick strata overlying the working face was made, and the structure of the overlying strata and the evolution characteristics of fissures under the hard and thick strata were studied, and the hazard mechanism was analyzed. The research results show that after the advancing of the working face, the overlying strata gradually forms a trapezoidal structure, and the hard and thick strata shields the longitudinal development of the trapezoidal structure. The development of the largest separation fissure under the hard and thick rock strata rises in a leaping manner, occupying most of the space of coal seam mining and creating space for gas accumulation. The fractured fissures and the abscission fractures are connected to each other, forming two-way intercommunication vertical fractured fissures areas on the working face side and the open-off side, providing gas migration path. The gas released near the mining coal seam enters the maximum separation crack in the overlying rock along the vertical fracture areas on both sides, and finally accumulates in the maximum separation crack under the hard and thick strata that occupies most of the space for coal seam mining. After the hard thick rock stratum is broken, the gas space decreases sharply, the gas pressure rises rapidly, and the gas flows to the working face through the vertical fracture fissure area on both sides, which is likely to induce gas outburst and other disasters.
作者
马富武
李杨
苏怀瑞
孙德全
梁开华
MA Fuwu;LI Yang;SU Huairui;SUN Dequan;LIANG Kaihua(Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Deep Rock Burst Hazard Assessment,Jinan 250100,China;Shandong Coalfield Geological Planning and Investigation Institute,Jinan 250104,China)
出处
《煤炭工程》
北大核心
2023年第2期93-97,共5页
Coal Engineering
基金
山东省自然科学基金青年项目(ZR2021QD107)。
关键词
硬厚岩层
相似模拟
裂隙演化
破断裂隙区
瓦斯突涌
岩层控制
hard and thick rock
similar material simulation
crack evolution
fracture fissure
gas surge
rock strata control
作者简介
马富武(1990-),男,山东新泰人,硕士,工程师,主要从事矿山压力与岩层控制方面的研究工作,E-mail:820609419@qq.com。
