摘要
半导体产业是国际劳动分工的典型代表,在关键生产环节的全球贸易中表现出显著的结构性差异。通过构建全球半导体贸易关系矩阵,采用基尼系数和贸易依赖指数,对半导体制成品、设备和材料的跨境贸易流和依赖关系演化以及贸易组织模式进行研究。结果显示:①全球半导体贸易空间不平衡性极强,尤其是材料和设备贸易在供需两侧高度集中在少数国家或地区;②中国替代美国成为全球最大的半导体贸易主体,并且与东亚和东南亚国家或地区共同塑造了制成品和材料贸易的区域化体系,但其设备贸易对欧美国家或地区存在高度依赖;③半导体生产模式推动了亚洲在制成品和材料贸易中的区域化,美国、欧盟及日韩等发达国家或地区通过构建排他性创新网络、设置贸易壁垒维持了其在半导体设备贸易中的垄断性优势。半导体设备贸易的垄断性和制成品、材料贸易的区域化共同构成了全球半导体贸易的特征,这些演化特征将在未来贸易中进一步强化。
The semiconductor industry has the typical characteristics of an international division of labor and shows significant structural differences in global trade in the key product chain. The evolution of cross-border trade flows and dependencies, as well as trade organization patterns in semiconductor manufactured goods, key equipment, and materials, are investigated by constructing a global matrix of semiconductor trade relations and using the Gini Coefficient and Trade Dependency Index. The study found that:(1) The geography of global semiconductor trade is extremely unbalanced, trade-in materials and equipment are highly concentrated in a few countries on both the supply and demand sides.(2) China has replaced the US as the world’s largest semiconductor trade player and, together with other Asian regions,has shaped the regionalized system in the trade of manufactured goods and materials, but there is a high dependence on Europe and the US for equipment.(3) The semiconductor production model has promoted the regionalization of the East Asia-Southeast Asia region in the trade of manufactured goods and materials, and developed countries such as the US, the EU and Japan,and South Korea have maintained their monopolistic advantage in the trade of semiconductor equipment by building exclusive innovation networks and establishing trade barriers. The monopolistic nature of the semiconductor equipment trade and the regionalization of manufactured goods and materials have formed the characteristics of the global semiconductor trade and will be further strengthened in the future.
作者
任亚文
杨宇
王云
刘毅
REN Yawen;YANG Yu;WANG Yun;LIU Yi(Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,School of Resources and Environment,Beijing 100049,China;Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Strategic Research Institute,Guangzhou 510075,China;University of International Business and Economics,School of Government Administration,Beijing 100105,China)
出处
《地理学报》
EI
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期371-385,共15页
Acta Geographica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42130712)。
关键词
半导体贸易
产业链
时空演化
依赖关系
组织模式
semiconductor trade
industrial chain
geographical evolution
dependencies
organizational model
作者简介
任亚文(1992-),安徽六安人,博士生,研究方向为产业地理与区域发展。E-mail:renyw.19b@igsnrr.ac.cn;通讯作者:杨宇(1984-),山东威海人,研究员,博士生导师,研究方向为经济地理与区域发展、能源地理与国家安全。E-mail:yangyu@igsnrr.ac.cn。
