摘要
【目的】从葡萄细根生长、发育角度分析肥料袋控缓释施肥提高氮素利用率的原因,以期为葡萄合理施肥提供依据。【方法】采用微根管技术对7年生夏黑葡萄细根生长动态进行了连续3 a(年)的观测,15N同位素示踪研究肥料袋控缓释处理对葡萄氮素吸收影响。【结果】肥料袋控缓释处理土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(3)^(-)-N维持在一个较高浓度,浓度变化幅度小。肥料袋控缓释处理比肥料撒施处理和不施肥处理提高了葡萄细根发生数量,3月和7月或8月是细根发生的主要时期。葡萄细根褐变的时间,不施肥处理为46 d,撒施处理为63 d,肥料袋控缓释处理为71 d。细根中值寿命,不施肥处理为140 d,撒施处理为196 d,肥料袋控缓释处理为238 d。肥料袋控缓释处理细根现存量显著高于撒施处理和不施肥处理。肥料袋控缓释处理细根年周转率显著低于撒施处理和不施肥处理。肥料袋控缓释施肥处理来自肥料的氮占总氮比例(Ndff)显著高于肥料撒施处理,氮素利用率为16.69%,显著高于撒施施肥处理的8.38%。【结论】肥料袋控缓释提高了细根数量、延长了细根褐变时间和细根寿命,降低了细根周转率,提高了氮素利用率。
【Objective】With the continuous promotion of the“double reduction of pesticide and fertilizer”action,slow-release fertilizer has been paid attention to in fruit production because of its high nutrient utilization rate and labor-saving.Slow-release fertilizer can improve nutrient utilization rate.From the perspective of nutrient release and soil nutrient supply,the nutrient release of such fertilizer is slow and the change range of soil nutrient concentration is small after using slow-release fertilizer,compared with using the traditional chemical fertilizer.According to the nutrient demand characteristics of fruit trees,controlled-release fertilizer bagged with paper and plastic materials reduces the cost and achieves good results.It has been popularized and applied in Shandong,Shanxi and other fruit production provinces.Root system is the nutrient absorption organ of fruit trees,especially the new root system.The mechanisms involved in improvement of nitrogen use efficiency via the usage of bagged controlled-release fertilizer were studied from the perspective of grape fine root growth and development with an aim to provide reference for rational fertilization in grape production.【Methods】In field conditions,seven-year old trees of grape Summer black(Vitis vinifera)were taken for the experiment.The experiment used a randomized complete design with three treatments,bagged controlled-release fertilization(BCRF),broadcasting application fertilization(SA)and no fertilization(CK).For root observation,there were 5 replicates in each treatment,while for15N tracing,there were 3 single-tree biological replicates.Root observation tubes were installed at an angle of 45°40 cm from the vine trunk in the east direction.Fine root growth dynamics were determined using the minirhizotron technique in three consecutive years.Root images were taken using a CI-600 Root Imager and analyzed using a ROOTSNAP image analysis software.Effects of bagged controlled-release fertilizer on nitrogen utilization of grape were studied with15N isotope tracer method.Soil samples were taken using a stainless steel soil sampling auger,and the samples were taken to the laboratory for testing.Fine roots were washed from the soil samples and analyzed for root activity.【Results】The soil ammonium and nitrate nitrogen concentration in BCRF was maintained at a high concentration and with little variation.The number of fine roots increased more in BCRF than SA and the control.The number of fine roots was 603,413 and 326in BCRF,SA and control,respectively.Fine roots birth showed a typical double sigmoid model with two peaks.The first in spring,the second in autumn,and the autumn peak was higher than the spring peak.Fine roots in SA and the control became pigmented at day 46 and 63,respectively,while those in BCRF at day 71.The median lifespan of fine roots was 238,196,140 days in BCRF,SA and control,respectively.The turnover rate of the fine roots in BCRF was markedly lower than in SA and control in2018.It was 0.61,1.99 and 1.51,respectively.The turnover rate of the fine roots in BCRF was also markedly lower than in SA and control in 2019,and was 0.35,0.57 and 0.50,respectively.In 2020,fine root turnover rate in BCRF,SA and control was 0.30,0.62 and 0.47,respectively.At the end of August,the root activity in BCRF was 54.36 mg·g^(-1)·h^(-1),which was significantly higher than that in SA and control.At the end of December,the root activity in all treatments was low and had no difference.The biomass of current year organs in BCRF was significantly higher than that in SA and control.There was no difference in biomass of perennial organs among treatments.The nitrogen derived from BCRF was significantly higher than that from SA.The nitrogen utilization rate reached 16.69%in BCRF,significantly higher than 8.38%in SA.【Conclusion】The soil Nmin concentration was maintained at a high level with little variation in the growing season with bagged controlled-release fertilizer treatment,which significantly increased the number of fine roots,prolonged their lifespan,reduced the annual fine root turnover rate,and improved the root activity of grape in growing season.The bagged controlled-release fertilizer treatment significantly improved the nitrogen utilization rate of grape by affecting the supply of soil nutrients and changing the growth and development of roots.
作者
张守仕
谢克英
常介田
徐明辉
韩芳
柴梦颖
乔宝营
ZHANG Shoushi;XIE Keying;CHANG Jietian;XU Minghui;HAN Fang;CHAI Mengying;QIAO Baoying(Zaozhuang University,Zaozhuang 277160,Shandong,China;Henan Vocational College of Agriculture,Zhengzhou 451450,Henan,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期88-97,共10页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
河南省重点研发与推广专项(192102110039)
河南省大宗水果产业技术体系建设专项资金(Z2014-11-01)。
关键词
葡萄
肥料袋控缓释
细根
生长
Grape
Bag controlled-release fertilizer
Fine root
Growth
作者简介
张守仕,男,博士,研究方向为果树栽培生理。Tel:0371-67296335,E-mail:zhangxie626@163.com;通信作者:乔宝营.Tel:0371-67296335,E-mail:13938231179@163.com。
