摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮添加乙酸钠对奶山羊泌乳性能和瘤胃微生物区系的影响。试验选用15只体重[(53.54±3.07) kg]相近、胎次(2胎次)相同且处于泌乳中期[(60±5) d]的健康西农萨能奶山羊母羊,随机分为3个组,每组5个重复。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮的基础上分别添加30(试验Ⅰ组)和60 g/(d·头)(试验Ⅱ组)的乙酸钠。试验预试期7 d,正试期21 d。试验过程中跟踪记录奶山羊产奶量,试验结束时采集奶样分析乳成分变化,并对乳脂率差异显著的2组(对照组和试验Ⅱ组)奶山羊采集瘤胃内容物,利用气相色谱及16S rDNA测序技术对奶山羊瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃微生物组成和结构进行分析。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮添加乙酸钠可极显著提高奶山羊日产奶量(P<0.01),试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组分别提高了0.29和0.22 kg(P<0.01);试验Ⅱ组乳脂率极显著提高了1.30个百分点(P<0.01),乳中非脂固形物含量提高了3.10%(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组奶山羊瘤胃丁酸含量极显著降低(P<0.01),瘤胃pH和其他挥发性脂肪酸含量以及乙酸/丙酸值无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组奶山羊瘤胃微生物的Sobs指数、Chao1指数和Ace指数显著提高(P <0.05);相似性分析(ANOSIM)结果也表明,2组奶山羊瘤胃微生物的结构存在显著差异(P<0.05)。16S rDNA测序结果表明,在门水平上,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)是2组奶山羊瘤胃微生物的优势菌门;在属水平上,普雷沃氏菌属1(Prevotella_1)是2组奶山羊瘤胃微生物的优势菌属。与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组奶山羊瘤胃中瘤胃球菌属1(Ruminococcus_1)、瘤胃球菌科UCG-005(Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005)、普雷沃氏菌科UCG-004(Prevotellaceae_UCG-004)和Lachnoclostridium_12的相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05),而瘤胃中解琥珀酸菌属(Succiniclasticum)和甲烷短杆菌属(Methanobrevibacter)的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。4)相关性分析结果表明,奶山羊瘤胃微生物区系与日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率和非脂固形物含量等存在一定的相关性。综上所述,饲粮添加60 g/(d·头)乙酸钠可显著提高奶山羊日产奶量和乳脂率,显著降低瘤胃丁酸含量,并通过改善瘤胃微生物组成和结构,提升奶山羊泌乳性能。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary sodium acetate on lactation performance and rumen microbiota of dairy goats. Fifteen healthy Xinong Saanen dairy goat ewes with similar body weight of(53.54±3.07)kg,the same parity(2 parities)and in mid-lactation[(60±5)d]were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 replicates in each group. Dairy goats in the control group were fed a basal diet,and those in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 30(experimental groupⅠ)and 60 g/(d·head)(experimental groupⅡ)sodium acetate,respectively. The pre-trial period lasted for 7 days and the experimental period lasted for 21 days. The milk yield of dairy goats was recorded during the experiment. At the end of the experiment,milk samples were collected to analyze the changes in milk composition,and rumen contents of dairy goats were collected from two groups(control group and experimental groupⅡ)with significant differences in milk fat percentage. Gas chromatography and 16S rDNA sequencing technology were used to analyze the rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microbial composition and structure of dairy goats. The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,dietary sodium acetate extremely significantly increased the daily milk yield of dairy goats(P<0.01),and the daily milk yield in experimental groupsⅠandⅡwas increased by 0.29 and 0.22 kg,respectively(P<0.01);in experimental groupⅡ,the milk fat percentage was significantly increased by 1.30 percentage points(P<0.01),and the non-fat solid content in milk was increased by 3.10%(P>0.05). 2)Compared with the control group,the rumen butyric acid content of dairy goats in experimental groupⅡwas significantly decreased(P<0.01),and there was no significant difference in rumen pH,the other volatile fatty acid content and acetic acid to propionic acid ratio(P>0.05). 3)Compared with the control group,the Sobs index,Chao1 index and Ace index of rumen microbiota in experimental groupⅡwere significantly increased(P<0.05);the results of similarity analysis(ANOSIM)also showed that there were significant differences in the structure of rumen microbiota between the two groups(P<0.05). 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that at the phylum level,Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in the rumen of the two groups of dairy goats;at the genus level,Prevotella_1 was the dominant genus in the rumen. Compared with the control group,the relative abundances of Ruminococcus_1,Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005,Prevotellaceae_UCG-004 and Lachnoclostridium_12 in rumen of dairy goats in experimental groupⅡwere significantly increased(P<0.05),while the relative abundances of Succiniclasticum and Methanobrevibacter in rumen was significantly decreased(P<0.05). 4)The results of correlation analysis showed that rumen microbiota was correlated with daily milk yield,milk fat percentage,milk protein percentage and non-fat solid content of dairy goats. In conclusion,dietary 60 g/(d·head)sodium acetate can significantly increase the daily milk yield and milk fat percentage,significantly reduce rumen butyrate content,and improve the lactation performance of dairy goats by improving rumen microbial composition and structure.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2023,35(1):428-438]
作者
王亚玲
孔鹏辉
袁冬冬
田鑫淼
李君
蔡含芳
李明
许会芬
WANG Yaling;KONG Penghui;YUAN Dongdong;TIAN Xinmiao;LI Jun;CAI Hanfang;LI Ming;XU Huifen(College of Animal Science and Technology,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy,Zhengzhou 450046,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期428-438,共11页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(U2004159)
河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)(222102110154)
教育部重点实验室开放课题(KLMAN202103)
河南省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项基金(G2013-08-G01)。
关键词
乙酸钠
奶山羊
泌乳性能
瘤胃微生物区系
sodium acetate
dairy goats
lactation performance
rumen microbiota
作者简介
王亚玲(1996-),女,河南许昌人,硕士研究生,研究方向为乳品质调控与改良。E⁃mail:15637410238@163.com;通信作者:李明,教授,博士生导师,E⁃mail:liming@henau.edu.cn;通信作者:许会芬,副教授,硕士生导师,E⁃mail:huifen221@126.com。
