摘要
海东青是中国历史上最为名贵、最负盛名的猎鹰,因东北族群向中原王朝进贡而始见于官方史书记载。自唐代以降,海东青充当了不同政权(民族)间政治交往的重要媒介物。海东青在辽朝与女真的控制与反控制斗争中发挥了微妙的作用,成为女真反辽、灭辽的助推剂。海东青因其体态俊捷、捕猎技巧高超,受到唐至清代皇帝的珍视,逐渐成为皇家狩猎中不可或缺的御用猎鹰,纵放海东青成为身份与权力的象征。为了捕捉和利用海东青,古代东北地区的族群掌握了较为专业的猎捕技术和驯养方法,但也不可避免地对海东青种群的延续造成了不利影响。
The gyrfalcon is known as the most famous and valuable falcon in Chinese history. It first appeared in official historical records when the ethnic groups in northeast China began to offer it as a tribute to the dynasties of Central Plains. It had played an important role in political interactions between different regimes (nations)since the Tang Dynasty. During the battles of manipulation and anti-manipulation between the Liao Dynasty and the Jurchen tribes, the gyrfalcon was a subtle factor that helped Jurchen to fight against and even destroy the Liao. For its fast move and superb hunting skills, the gyrfalcon was highly treasured by emperors from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty and gradually became a must in royal hunting to such an extent that the act of releasing it was a symbol of status and power. However, the ancient ethnic groups in northeast China mastered professional hunting techniques and methods of domestication to capture and utilize the gyrfalcon, which had a negative impact on the sustainable growth of its population.
出处
《鄱阳湖学刊》
2022年第6期53-59,125,共8页
Journal of Poyang Lake
作者简介
聂传平,历史学博士,山西师范大学马克思主义学院副教授(山西太原030000)。
