摘要
【目的】研究湖南省通道县黑老虎常见栽培品系果肉果汁中主要营养成分及含量的变异情况,增进对黑老虎各品系特性的了解,为黑老虎水果型优良种质的筛选及推广应用提供科学依据。【方法】以10个黑老虎品系为研究对象,按照相关国家标准和行业标准,分别测定其果肉果汁中灰分、可溶性固形物、蛋白质、总糖、还原糖、总酸、维生素C和17种氨基酸等营养物质的含量,并采用单因素方差分析法比较分析其基本营养成分和氨基酸的组成及含量差异,采用相关分析法分析主要营养成分间的相关性,应用主成分分析法对10个黑老虎品系果肉果汁的营养品质进行综合评价。【结果】10个品系间果肉果汁中灰分、蛋白质、总糖、还原糖、总酸、维生素C、可溶性固形物和17种氨基酸的含量差异均极显著(P<0.01)。蛋白质含量,TD41的显著最高,其次为TD44的,两者均超过10 mg·g-1;TD43、TD41的总糖和还原糖含量均在35 mg·g-1以上,均显著高于其他品系的;总酸和维生素C含量分别以TD51和TD43的为最高;TD43、TD50和TD58的可溶性固形物含量均接近80 mg·g-1,均显著高于其他品系的。必需氨基酸中,异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸的含量均以TD40的为最高,赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸的含量分别以TD41、TD44、TD54的为最高;儿童必需氨基酸中,精氨酸和组氨酸的含量均以TD40的为最高;非必需氨基酸中,谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丝氨酸的含量均以TD40的为最高,丙氨酸和天冬氨酸的含量均以TD54的为最高,脯氨酸和酪氨酸的含量分别以TD43和TD44的为最高。氨基酸总含量、必需氨基酸含量、儿童必需氨基酸含量、非必需氨基酸含量,TD40的均最高,其次均为TD41的。从变异系数分析,黑老虎各个品系之间,蛋白质含量的变异系数最大,其次分别是精氨酸、色氨酸和脯氨酸含量的变异系数(均超过40%),显示出其巨大的选育潜力。相关性分析结果显示,维生素C含量与还原糖含量之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与总糖含量之间呈显著正相关(P<0.05);必需氨基酸含量与氨基酸总含量之间呈极显著正相关;必需氨基酸占氨基酸总含量的比例与灰分含量之间呈显著负相关。主成分分析结果表明,前3个主成分的累计贡献率在80%以上,主成分1反映总酸与氨基酸含量,主成分2反映总糖、还原糖、维生素C与可溶性固形物含量,主成分3反映灰分和蛋白质含量。基于3个主成分的得分及方差贡献率进行综合评价,得分高于或接近0.5分的品系分别有TD40、TD41和TD50。【结论】基于主成分分析筛选出的TD40和TD41均为优良的黑老虎食用品系,这2个品系可在生产中大力推广。
【Objective】The variations of main nutritional components and their contents in fruit pulp and juice were investigated among commonly planted clones of Kadsura coccinea in Tongdao County,Hunan province,so as to increase understanding on properties of these clones,and to provide scientific evidences for selection and application of elite fruit-purposed germplasm.【Method】The contents of ash,protein,total sugar,reducing sugar,total acid,vitamin C,soluble solid,and 17 amino acids were measured for 10 K.coccinea clones according to relevant national and industrial standards,and differences in these basic nutrient,amino acid composition and contents were assessed by one-way variance analysis among these clones,and the relationship between main nutritional index was revealed by correlation analysis,and comprehensive evaluation was further carried out on the basis of principal component analysis.【Result】The significant differences were observed in contents of ash,protein,total sugar,reducing sugar,total acid,vitamin C,total soluble solid and 17 amino acid among 10 clones.Among these clones,the protein content was the highest significantly for clone TD41,followed by that for TD44,both were above 10 mg·g-1;the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar of clones TD43 and TD41 were above 35 mg·g-1,which were significantly higher than those of other clones;the contents of total acid and vitamin C were the highest in clone TD51 and TD43,respectively;and the contents of total soluble solid in clones TD43,TD50 and TD58 were near 80 mg·g-1,which were higher significantly than those in other clones.Among the essential amino acids for human(EAA),isoleucine,leucine,methionine,threonine and valine showed the highest significantly contents for clone TD40,lysine,phenylalanine and tryptophan for clones TD41,TD44 and TD54,respectively;for essential amino acids for child(CEAA),contents of arginine,histidine were the highest in clone TD40;among the non-essential amino acids for human(NAA),glutamic acid,glycine and serine showed the highest for clone TD40,alanine and aspartic acid for TD54,and proline and tyrosine for TD43 and TD44,respectively.Clone TD40 performed the best in contents of total amino acids(TAA),EAA,CEAA and NAA,followed by TD41.The coefficients of variation was the highest for protein content,followed by ones of Arg,Trp and Pro,indicating large potential for its breeding.The correlation analysis showed that the positive correlation occurred significantly between the contents of vitamin C and reducing sugar(P<0.01)as well as contents of vitamin C and total sugar(P<0.05),and between contents of essential amino acid and total amino acid,and ratio of essential amino acid content to total amino acid content was negatively correlated to ash content.The principal component analysis(PCA)indicated that the accumulative contribution of three principal components was above 80%,the first one represented contents of total acid and amino acid,the second one did contents of total sugar,reducing sugar,vitamin C and total soluble solid,and the third one did contents of ash and protein.The integrated analysis was conducted on the basis of scores and variance contribution of the above three principal components,and showed that TD40,TD41 and TD50 had scores of more than or near 0.5.【Conclusion】TD40 and TD41 were screened out as elite clones for purpose of fruit use through comprehensive evaluation based on PCA and were recommended to be applied in practice.
作者
邹建文
罗先权
饶红欣
陈灵
陆松全
何润华
陈铭
何艳
ZOU Jianwen;LUO Xianquan;RAO Hongxin;CHEN Ling;LU Songquan;HE Runhua;CHEN Ming;HE Yan(Hunan Botanic Garden,Changsha 410116,Hunan,China;Forestry Bureau of Tongdao County,Tongdao 418500,Hunan,China)
出处
《经济林研究》
北大核心
2022年第4期115-123,共9页
Non-wood Forest Research
基金
湖南创新型省份建设专项(2020NK2052)
湖南省林业科技创新项目(XLK201815)。
关键词
黑老虎
营养组分
新奇水果
氨基酸组成
Kadsura coccinea Lem.
nutritional component
novel fruit
amino acid composition
作者简介
第一作者:邹建文(zou5671695@126.com),副研究员。
