摘要
恶臭污染已被列入世界七大公害之一,其危害日益受到各国重视,人畜粪污堆积与不科学处理加剧了恶臭污染.对恶臭气体的形成、微生物除臭的原位控制机理、菌剂的研制与应用等方面进行综述.粪污相关的恶臭气体包含氨和挥发性胺、挥发性硫化物、吲哚和酚、挥发性低级脂肪酸等4类,主要由肠道土著微生物分解粪污中残留的营养物质形成.现有研究利用乳酸菌、酵母菌、放线菌等进行除臭,这些微生物生长迅速、占位效应强,成为优势群落后发挥益生特性协同抑制产臭微生物的生命活动.据此原位除臭技术原理,选育有益菌种进行组配,固定于载体上制成除臭菌剂并研发出微生物除臭菌剂,应用于粪污堆肥除臭等多个领域.然而,复合除臭菌剂的研发存在作用机制不明、适应范围狭窄、除臭能力不足等缺陷,针对这些问题,结合组学与合成生物学技术,提出深入研究菌剂除臭分子机理、代谢网络关系和细胞间通信的方案,绘制合成微生物群落指导菌剂构建的蓝图.微生物除臭的应用前景广阔,对粪污无害化处理、集约化养殖场的健康运营及生态环境的改善具有重大意义,未来应继续重视除臭菌剂的研制和发展.
Odor pollution is listed as one of the seven major public hazards in the world and has attracted increasing attention worldwide. Inappropriate disposal of accumulated feces from animals and humans exacerbate the formation of malodorous gases. This paper reviews the current literature on the original sources of malodorous gases, the mechanism underlying in situ management, and the formulation and application of microbial deodorants in odor gas control. Previous studies have revealed that malodor originating from feces primarily contains four kinds of chemicals: ammonia and volatile amines, volatile sulfur compounds, indoles and phenols, and volatile fatty acids. These malodorous substances are mainly produced by indigenous gut bacteria that degrade the remaining nutrients in feces. However, researchers have utilized specific microbial strains to suppress odors, including lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, and actinomycetes. These microorganisms reproduce rapidly and inhibit the growth and metabolism of odor-producing microbes, resulting in communities dominated by probiotic strains. Based on this in situ odor management theory, microbes with deodorizing features are screened and formulated to construct microbial deodorants and then applied in various disciplines, such as the deodorization of fecal compost. Although microbial deodorants have been achieved, the precise mechanism of deodorization remains unclear. Moreover, the narrow spectrum and insufficient ability of deodorization limit the further application of microbial deodorants. Thus, this review discusses potential avenues to address these issues and provides ideas for investigating the molecular mechanisms of deodorants, the relationship between metabolic networks, and cell-to-cell communication among deodorizing strains based on omics and synthetic biology methods. In addition, we propose a blueprint for the design of a microbial deodorant. We believe that the appropriate design and development of effective microbial deodorants will be beneficial for improving the living conditions of intensive livestock farms and the ecological environment.
作者
王茄灵
吕青阳
刘杨
许力山
秦维
闫志英
WANG Jialing;Lü Qingyang;LIU Yang;XU Lishan;QIN Wei;YAN Zhiying(CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology&Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《应用与环境生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第5期1357-1366,共10页
Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology
基金
山西省重点研发项目(201903D211013)
四川省重点研发项目(2019YFS0052)
四川省区域创新合作项目(2020YFQ0026)
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFE0203200)资助。
关键词
粪污
恶臭
除臭
微生物菌剂
原位控制
feces
odor
deodorize
microbial deodorant
in-situ control
作者简介
通信作者:闫志英,E-mail:yanzy@cib.ac.cn。
