摘要
“常知稽式”是老子《道德经》第六十五章提出来的重要思想主张,以往对此的解释存在许多歧义。理解这个主张首先应该抓住其逻辑前提。老子反对“以智治国”,他讲的“智”并非当今人们所认定的“智慧”,而是指“巧诈作伪”,这种“智”的滥用就像盗贼一样将导致国家的灭亡,相当危险。有鉴于此,老子进一步主张修身治国应该“常知稽式”,也就是掌握范式、遵循自然与社会的发展规律。唯有如此,才能达到天下大顺的目标。值得注意的是,道家学派所谓“国”与“身”是有相互比拟关系的。基于《易经》的象数学原理,可以将“国”看作“身”;反过来,也可以把“身”看作“国”。故而,“常知稽式”的精神不仅用以治国理政,也可以用来指导修身养性。
The idea of“the Constant Articulation Form”is an important ideological proposition put forward in Chapter 65 of Lao Zi’s Dao De Jing,which has been interpreted in many different ways.This paper argues that to understand this proposition,we should firstly focus on its logical premise Lao Zi opposed the idea of“ruling by wisdom”,and the“wisdom”he referred to is not the“wisdom”as it is known today,but“trickery and deceit”.The misuse of“wisdom”was like a thief,which would lead to the destruction of a state,therefore being quite dangerous.In view of this,Lao Zi further advocated that the cultivation of one’s body and the rule of one’s country should be“to know the Constant Articulation Form”,that is,mastering the paradigm and following the laws of development of nature and society.Only in this way can the goal of a smooth world be achieved.It is worth noting that the so-called“state”and“body”of Taoist school are analogous.Based on the principles of hieroglyphics in The Book of Changes,the“state”can be seen as the“body”;conversely,the“body”can be seen as the“state”.Therefore,the spirit of“the Constant Articulation Form”is not only used to govern the state,but also to guide the cultivation of the body.
出处
《中州学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第12期129-135,共7页
Academic Journal of Zhongzhou
基金
国家“十三五”规划文化重大工程《中华续道藏》(中央统战部“统办函”[2018]576)
国家社会科学基金项目“创造性转化与创新性发展视野下的中华生命智慧研究”(22ZDA082)。
关键词
老子
《道德经》
常知稽式
修身治国
Lao Zi
Dao De Jing
the Constant Articulation Form
the cultivation of one’s body and the rule of one’s country
作者简介
詹石窗,男,教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地四川大学道教与宗教文化研究所教授、博士生导师(四川成都610065)。
