摘要
【目的】探讨不同施肥处理对酿酒葡萄果实基本性状和酚类物质含量的影响,为酿酒葡萄果园科学合理施肥提供依据。【方法】以赤霞珠为研究对象,在蓬莱产区的君顶酒庄有限公司葡萄园内连续4a(年)实施5416试验。测定成熟期果实单穗质量、百粒质量、可溶性固形物含量、皮果比、籽果比、籽粒数及果皮和种子酚类物质含量等品质指标,并利用主成分分析法对其进行综合评价。利用SAS软件计算各品质指标达到最佳时的元素影响力排序和施肥配比。【结果】不同施肥处理对赤霞珠单穗质量和酚类物质含量有显著影响,对其他品质指标影响不显著。当施肥总量降低6.8%~11.2%时,其单穗质量及皮总酚、皮总黄酮、皮单宁含量等指标分别增加16.8%~33.8%、17.4%~26.4%、29.3%~33.1%、18.1%~35.5%。在相同施肥总量条件下,不同施肥配比对果实品质影响不同,与T9相比,T10处理更适合用于提升赤霞珠果实酚类物质含量。Mg元素对皮果比和果皮中总酚、花色苷、总黄酮、单宁含量影响力最大;K元素对籽果比和种子中总酚、总黄酮、黄烷醇、单宁含量影响力最大。通过主成分分析共提取5个主成分,其特征值分别为4.573、3.221、1.960、1.727、1.212,累积贡献率为84.612%。T9,T8,T2,T6处理分别对皮果比、总酚、花色苷、总黄酮、单宁含量,籽总酚、总黄酮、黄烷醇、单宁含量,可溶性固形物含量、百粒质量、皮黄烷醇含量,单穗质量的提高作用较强。除T6处理外,施肥处理的综合评价均高于不施肥处理(T1),T9处理的综合评分最高。【结论】N 124.5 kg∙hm^(-2)、P_(2)O_(5)0.0 kg∙hm^(-2)、K_(2)O 112.5 kg∙hm^(-2)、CaO 168.8 kg∙hm^(-2)、MgO 23.3 kg∙hm^(-2)是本试验条件下提高赤霞珠果实综合品质的最佳施用量。
【Objective】The study examined the effects of different fertilization treatments on characters and phenolic content in wine grapes in order to provide reference for rational fertilization in wine grape orchards.【Methods】With Cabernet Sauvignon as the experimental materials,a fertilization experiment was carried out in the vineyard of Junding Winery Co,Ltd.in Penglai production area for 4 consecutive years.The fruit quality indicators such as single cluster weight,100-berry weight,soluble solids,skin recovery,seed recovery,number of seeds,and contents of phenolic substances in pericarp and seeds were measured at the mature stage,and the principal component analysis method was used to comprehensively evaluate the treatments.SAS analysis method was used to calculate the influence and ratio of elements.【Results】Fertilization treatments had significant effects on cluster weight and phenolic substances in Cabernet Sauvignon,but had no significant effects on other quality indicators.The total soluble solid content in different fertilization treatments was in the range of 20.7%(T12)-22.9%(T2);100-berry weight 120.2(T10)-133.5(T2)g;skin recovery 11.7%(T9)-15.8%(T1);seed recovery 5.8%(T4)-7.1%(T6);and per cluster number of berries 52.8(T4)-60.0(T6).The total phenol content in T7 was the highest,which was 10.650 mg∙g^(-1),17.876%-83.797%higher than the other treatments.The content of flavanol in different fertilization treatments ranged from 38.859(T6)to 62.647(T2)mg·g^(-1),and the content of flavanol in T2 was significantly(28.2%to 61.2%)higher than that in T4,T6,T8,T10 and T12.Except for T4 and T6,there was no significant difference in anthocyanin content among the other fertilization treatments,and the content in T9 treatment was the highest,which was 2.515 mg∙g^(-1).Tannin content in T9 was the highest(2.746 mg∙g^(-1)),which was significantly higher than that in the other treatments.Except for T5,T6 and T11,there was no significant difference in total phenol content among the other treatments.The total phenol content in T3 was the highest(26.265 mg∙g^(-1)),which was 25.909%,24.421%and 29.695%higher than in T5,T6 and T11,respectively.Seed flavanol content in different fertilization treatments was in the range of 356.1 to 597.5 mg∙g^(-1).It was highest in T8,which was significantly and 23.330%(T3)to 67.786%(T6)compared with the other treatments beyond T10 and T12.The content of total flavonoids in T8 treatment was significantly higher compared with other treatments except for T2,T3,T4,T6,T7,T10 and T12.Except for T1,T6,T9 and T11,there was no significant difference in the content of seed tannin among the other treatments,which was in the range of 9.452(T5)to 11.777(T3)mg∙g^(-1).The seed tannin content in T3 was significantly and 35.954%,37.984%,52.470%and 33.744%higher than in T1,T6,T9 and T11,respectively.The total amount of fertilizer applied decreased by 6.8%to 11.2%,and cluster weight,total skin phenols,total skin flavonoids,and skin tannins were significantly increased by 16.8%-33.8%,17.4%-26.4%,29.3%-33.1%,18.1%-35.5%,respectively.Under the same amount of fertilizer application,fertilization ratio had an effect on fruit quality.T9 and T10 treatments were more suitable for increasing seed recovery of Cabernet Sauvignon.Mg had the greatest influence on peel recovery and total phenol,anthocyanin,flavonoid and tannin contents;K had the greatest influence on seed recovery and total phenols,total flavonoids,flavanols and tannins.A total of 5 principal components were extracted by principal component analysis,and their eigenvalues were 4.573,3.221,1.960,1.727,and 1.212,with a cumulative contribution rate of 84.612%.The five principal components could show the effects of different treatments on quality parameters of Cabernet Sauvignon.A strong correlation was found between Y_(1) and skin recovery,and total phenols,anthocyanins,total flavonoids and tannins in skin.Y_(2) was strongly correlated with total phenols,total flavonoids,flavanols and tannins.Soluble solids and 100 berry weight were strongly correlated with Y_(3).Y_(4) and Y_(5) were strongly correlated with single panicle weight and flavanol,respectively.T9 treatment was more beneficial to increase the ratio of skin to fruit,total phenols in skin,anthocyanins in skin,total flavonoids in skin and tannins in skin.T8 treatment was more beneficial to increase total phenols in seed,total flavonoids in seed,flavanols in seed and tannins in seed.T2 treatment is more conducive to the improvement of total soluble solid content,the weight of 100 grains and the content of flava-nols in skin.T6 treatment was more beneficial to improve the quality of single panicle..Except for T6,the comprehensive evaluation scores of the fertilization treatments were higher than T1,and that of T9 was the highest.【Conclusion】The optimal fertilizer application rates for optimal comprehensive quality of Cabernet Sauvignon under the experimental conditions were 124.5 kg∙hm^(-2),0.0 kg∙hm^(-2),112.5 kg∙hm^(-2),168.8 kg∙hm^(-2),MgO 23.3 kg∙hm^(-2) for N,P_(2)O_(5),K_(2)O,CaO and MgO,respectively.
作者
王小龙
张正文
邵学东
钟晓敏
王福成
史祥宾
张艺灿
王海波
WANG Xiaolong;ZHANG Zhengwen;SHAO Xuedong;ZHONG Xiaomin;WANG Fucheng;SHI Xiangbin;ZHANG Yican;WANG Haibo(Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning,China;Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Utilization of Horticultural Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning,China;Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Fertilizers Efficient Utilization of Deciduous Fruit Tree,Liaoning Province,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning,China;Junding Winery Co.,Ltd.,Penglai 265600,Shandong,China;Grape and Wine Industry Development Service Center,Penglai District,Yantai City,Penglai 265600,Shandong,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第12期2319-2329,共11页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000204)
财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(nycytx-30-zp)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-RIP-04)。
关键词
赤霞珠
施肥
基本性状
酚类物质
综合评价
Cabernet Sauvignon
Fertilization
Basic characters
Phenolic substances
Comprehensive evaluation
作者简介
王小龙,男,助理研究员,博士,主要从事果树栽培与生理研究。Tel:18342920090,E-mail:wangxiaolong01@caas.cn;通信作者:王海波.Tel:13591963796,E-mail:haibo8316@163.com。
