摘要
容缺办理行政许可是一种附解除条件的行政行为,在作出时即生效。但由于此时部分承诺的次要条件尚未达成,所以效力存在瑕疵。如相对人在承诺期内未能消除瑕疵,则解除条件达成,该行政许可失效;如承诺完成,则解除条件未达成,行政许可继续有效。容缺办理许可效力弹性空间突破了传统行政法限制,在对相对人和公共利益有利的原则下,结合解除条件和失信联合惩戒等效力保障措施,瑕疵治愈范围由程序瑕疵延伸至实体瑕疵。保持效力弹性空间,有利于改善地方营商环境,促进有效市场和有为政府的统一,实现行政程序中双方法律地位及多元价值的平衡。当然,效力弹性空间失控会造成多重风险,包括相对人信赖利益难以保护,行政主体面临追责风险,公共利益和其他利害关系人利益易受损害,失信联合惩戒的合法性边界被突破。对此,有必要依法界定容缺办理的合理范围,构建多元化的容缺办理许可评价机制,促进联合信用惩戒“效”“度”兼顾,扩展地方行政许可改革的容错空间。
The administrative license for tolerant handling is an administrative act with conditions for rescission, and it takes effect when it is made;however, because the secondary conditions of some commitments have not been fulfilled at this time, the effectiveness is flawed. If the party fails to eliminate the defect within the commitment period, the cancellation conditions are met and the administrative license becomes invalid;if the commitment is completed, the cancellation conditions are not met, and the administrative license continues to be valid. The elastic space of effectiveness for tolerant licensing has broken through the limitations of traditional administrative law. Under the principle of benefiting the interests of the parties and the public interest, combined with effective safeguards such as cancellation conditions and joint disciplinary action for dishonesty, the scope of defect healing extends from procedural defects to substantive defects. Maintaining an elastic space of effectiveness is conducive to improving the local business environment, promoting the unification of an efficient market and a promising government, and achieving a balance between the legal status of both parties and multiple values in administrative procedures. Of course, the loss of control of the elastic space of effectiveness will cause multiple legal risks, including the difficulty of protecting the parties’ reliance interests, the risk of accountability for administrative entities, the vulnerability of public interests and the interests of other stakeholders, and the breach of the legal boundary of joint punishment for dishonesty. In order to control related risks, it is necessary to define the scope of legal and reasonable defect tolerance management, construct a diversified appraisal mechanism for tolerant handling, promote the “effectiveness” and “degree” of joint credit punishment, and expand the fault tolerance space for the reform of local administrative licensing.
作者
孙煜华
SUN Yu-hua(East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201620)
出处
《行政法学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第6期15-28,共14页
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW
基金
上海市徐汇区司法局项目“徐汇区数字化转型中的市域治理规则再造”(项目编号:KT2021024)。
关键词
行政许可
告知承诺
容缺办理
效力悖论
Administrative License
Notification Commitment
Tolerant Handling
Effectiveness Paradox
作者简介
孙煜华,副研究员。
