摘要
对现行温室气体排放核算方法标准和指南进行了系统梳理,分析了现行核算方法的差异,提出了其纳入环境影响评价制度存在的问题,并以火电行业为例,提出了火电建设项目环境影响评价中碳排放核算边界、计算方法和核算参数的选取原则。结果表明:现行温室气体排放核算方法在核算边界、核算范围、核算因子和计算方法上均有一定差异。现行核算方法不能直接适用于建设项目环境影响评价工作,存在无法准确获取核算参数、核算边界不符合环评要求、各指南间推荐参数不一等问题。对于火电行业,从纳入考虑的碳排放源来看,化石燃料燃烧排放占比为93.5%~99.8%,开展环境影响评价时可重点考虑发电机组燃料燃烧排放,忽略其他过程排放;在计算方法上,基于元素碳含量核算二氧化碳结果较为准确,误差不超过10%,基于低位发热量核算误差达18%~30%,开展环境影响评价时建议基于元素碳含量开展核算,燃煤电厂的燃料消耗量建议选用环境影响评价阶段预估值,元素碳含量建议选用环境影响评价阶段设计煤样实测值,避免使用低位发热量和单位热值含碳量的缺省值,碳氧化率建议直接选取缺省值。
The current greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions accounting method standards and guidelines were systematically sorted out, the differences of the current accounting methods were analyzed, the problems of the current accounting methods being incorporated into the environmental impact assessment(EIA) system were put forward, and the thermal power industry was taken as an example to put forward the carbon emission accounting boundary, calculation method and principles for selecting parameters in the EIA of thermal power construction projects. The results showed that the current GHG emissions accounting methods had certain discrepancies in accounting boundaries, scopes, factors and calculation methods. The current accounting methods could not be directly applied to the EIA of construction projects, and there were problems such as the inability to obtain the parameters accounting accurately, the inconformity of calculation boundaries with the requirements of EIA, and the difference in the recommended parameters among various guidelines. For the thermal power industry, from the perspective of the carbon emission sources considered, the fossil fuel combustion emissions accounted for 93.5%-99.8%. When carrying out the EIA, the fuel combustion emissions of generator sets could be mainly considered and other process emissions could be excluded. In terms of calculation methods, the calculation results of carbon dioxide based on elemental carbon content were relatively accurate, with an calculation error not exceeding 10%, while the error based on low-level calorific value was 18%-30%. It was recommended to carry out accounting based on elemental carbon content when conducting EIA. It was suggested to select the estimated value at the EIA stage for the fuel consumption of the coal-fired power plant, and select the measured value of the designed coal samples at the EIA stage for the elemental carbon content, avoiding using the default value of low-level calorific value and carbon content per unit calorific value. Also, it was recommended to directly select the default value for the carbon oxidation rate.
作者
吴艺楠
李冬
赵芳
唐微
孟冲
WU Yinan;LI Dong;ZHAO Fang;TANG Wei;MENG Chong(Environmental Development Center of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment)
出处
《环境工程技术学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期1890-1897,共8页
Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology
基金
生态环境部环境发展中心科技发展基金项目。
关键词
环境影响评价
建设项目
温室气体排放核算
火电项目
environmental impact assessment
construction project
GHG emissions accounting
thermal power project
作者简介
吴艺楠(1992-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事环境影响评价研究,wuyinan@edcmep.org.cn;李冬(1981-),女,高级工程师,主要从事环境影响评价研究,lidong@edcmep.org.cn。
