摘要
应用D-最优混料设计方法,以黄瓜植株的农艺性状、果实品质和产量为评价指标,探索了草菇菇渣、草炭和珍珠岩不同配比复合基质对黄瓜栽培的影响,建立了各配比基质与黄瓜植株响应值之间的回归模型,考察了配方中各基质的相互作用对黄瓜植株各响应值的影响。试验结果表明:菇渣营养丰富,但电导率和酸碱度偏高;草炭呈酸性,持水性、透气性强,可降低pH;珍珠岩吸水能力强,透气性好。草炭、珍珠岩复配的基质EC、pH较低,而含草菇菇渣的复配基质EC和pH随菇渣添加量的增加而升高,最终优化得到的最优基质配比为草菇菇渣32.02%、草炭60.00%、珍珠岩7.98%,该配方的理化性质良好,适宜黄瓜生长;经验证该配方生长的植株株高、茎粗、维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量、单株产量和硝酸盐含量分别为350.00 cm、11.74 mm、101.01 mg/kg、1.31%、2123.33 g和351.04 mg/kg,与草炭相比,株高、茎粗、维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量和单株产量分别提高20.69%、1.73%、12.79%、14.79%和41.56%,硝酸盐含量降低14.66%,且生产成本可节省约33%。可见,通过混料设计将草菇菇渣复合基质进行优化,可解决单一基质存在的电导率、酸碱度偏高等问题,栽培效果更佳,将草菇菇渣应用于黄瓜无土栽培是完全可行的。
Using the D-optimal mixture design method,taking the agronomic properties,fruit quality and yield of cucumber plants as evaluation indicators,the effects of different ratios of Volvariella volvacea residue,peat and perlite on cucumber cultivation were explored,the regression model between the ratio of each substrate and the response value was established,and the effects of the interaction of each substrate in the formula on the response value of cucumber were investigated.The test results show that Volvariella volvacea residue is rich in nutrients,but electrical conductivity(EC)and the potential of hydrogen(pH)are higher.The peat is acidic,has strong water retention and air permeability,can lower pH,and perlite has strong water absorption and air permeability.EC and pH of the matrix compounded with peat and perlite are lower,while EC and pH of the compound matrix containing Volvariella volvacea residue are increased with the increase of the added amount of Volvariella volvacea residue.The final optimized substrate ratio is Volvariella volvacea residue 32.02%,peat 60.00%and perlite 7.98%.It has been verified that,compared with peat,plant height,stem diameter,vitamin C and soluble sugar contents and yield per plant are 350.00 cm,11.74 mm and 101.01 mg/kg 1.313%,2123.33 g for the optimized formula,increased by 20.69%,1.73%,12.79%,14.79%and 41.56%,respectively,while nitrate content is 351.04 mg/kg,reduced by 14.66%,and production cost is reduced by about 33%.This study shows that optimizing Volvariella volvacea residue composite substrate through the mixture design can solve the problems of high EC and pH in a single substrate,and the cultivation effect is better,thus,applying Volvariella volvacea residue in soilless cultivation of cucumbers is completely feasible.
作者
王涛
雷锦桂
黄语燕
陈永快
廖水兰
WANG Tao;LEI Jingui;HUANG Yuyan;CHEN Yongkuai;LIAO Shuilan(Agricultural Digital Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350003,China)
出处
《土壤》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期723-732,共10页
Soils
基金
福建省人民政府–中国农业科学院农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目(XTCXGC2021015)
福建省农业科学院科技创新团队项目(CXTD2021012-3)和福建省农业科学院对外合作项目(DWHZ2021-05)资助。
关键词
D-最优混料设计
草菇菇渣
黄瓜
配方
D-optimal mixture design
Volvariella volvacea residue
Cucumber
Formula
作者简介
王涛(1992—),男,福建福州人,硕士,助理研究员,主要研究方向为设施农业无土栽培、废弃物资源化利用。E-mail:793831167@qq.com;通讯作者:陈永快,stonecyk@126.com。
