摘要
如何理解和诠释朱子所言的心,是当前研究朱子学时争论最多的问题。陈来与李明辉就此问题有过多次论辨。陈来认为,朱子的心既不属于理也不属于气;朱子的心主要是指表现为“心统性情”的思维意识活动系统,以及此思维意识活动系统在运行时表现出来的以知觉为主的功能。李明辉基于“理气二分、心性情三分”的架构,认为朱子的心属于气。事实上,朱子论心的重点是从心性论的视角来探讨心的运行机理及功能。对朱子来说,心的构成问题是不言而喻的;因为,按照朱子的理气论,心显然是由理气共同构成的。朱子认为,理气共同构成心之后,心在运行活动时会表现出构成此心之理和构成此心之气两个方面的特性。由是,心可以分别从气一边说和从理一边说。从气一边说心,就是人心;从理一边说心,就是道心。朱子的心亦可以说是气,但此气不是理气论意义上构成事物之基质之气,而是现实经验世界中作为具体事物之形质之气。在朱子看来,由于心是由特别清澈的气构成的,故心中充满了被称之为“魂魄”的精爽之气。
How to understand and interpret Zhu Xi’ s Xin( mind) is the most controversial issue in the current study of Zhu Xi. Chen Lai and Li Minghui had many debates on this issue. According to Chen Lai,Zhu Xi’ s Xin does not belong to Li( principle) or to Qi( material force);it mainly refers to the system of consciousness which is manifested as “mind over feeling”,and the perception-based function of consciousness manifested in its operation. However,based on Zhu Xi’ s framework of “Li-Qi duality and mind-nature-feeling trinity”,Li Minghui considers that Xin belongs to Qi. In fact,Zhu Xi’ s focus on Xin is to discuss the operating mechanism and function of Xin from the perspective of the mind-nature theory. For Zhu Xi,the question of the constitution of Xin is self-evident because according to his theory of Li and Qi,Xin is obviously composed of Li and Qi. Zhu Xi argued that after the formation of Xin,it would show the characteristics of both Li and Qi when it operates. Therefore,Xin can be viewed from either the Qi side or the Li side. From the side of Qi,Xin is the human mind,while from the Li side,Xin is the moral mind. Zhu Xi’ s Xin can also be said to be Qi,but this Qi is not the Qi that forms the basis of things in the sense of the Li-Qi theory,but the Qi that acts as the form of concrete things in the real empirical world. In Zhu Xi’ s view,Xin is filled with a refreshing Qi called “soul”,as it is composed of a particularly clear Qi.
出处
《福建师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2022年第5期36-48,169,170,共15页
Journal of Fujian Normal University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“朱子心论研究”(18YJC720001)
“广西高等学校千名中青年骨干教师培育计划”人文社会科学类立项课题“朱子‘中和新旧说’研究”(2020QGRW028)。
作者简介
陈林,男,广西财经学院马克思主义学院教授,哲学博士。主要研究方间:儒家哲学。
