摘要
针对宁夏地区水粮供需紧张的问题,开展玉米关键发育期水分胁迫试验,为区域粮食安全和合理灌溉提供理论依据。以玉米‘先玉556’为试验材料开展水分胁迫试验,设置1个对照组CK(无胁迫处理)和4个试验组(抽雄至灌浆期水分胁迫,T1;小喇叭口至抽雄期水分胁迫,T2;小喇叭口至灌浆期水分胁迫,T3;小喇叭口至灌浆期水分胁迫后加灌,T4)。根据玉米发育期和灌溉时间测定土壤含水率和光合作用,在成熟期测定产量结构,计算水分利用效率(Water Use Efficiency,WUE)和收获指数(Harvest Index,HI)。结果表明:小喇叭口至灌浆期水分胁迫使玉米受干旱胁迫导致气孔因素限制光合作用,灌浆期灌水后净光合速率较CK提高62.7%。T3处理的穗性状受水分胁迫影响显著,穗长、穗粗、穗重、穗行数、穗粒重和穗粒数较CK显著下降22.6%、24.9%、63%、28.7%、67.7%和71%,此外,株高、穗茎、成穗率、籽粒产量和收获指数也明显下降。结合产量和水分利用效率来看,T1、T2处理WUE均高于CK,T2的产量较CK降低18.9%,T1产量较CK下降1.3%,WUE提高36%;T3、T4的产量均显著低于CK,T4处理没有有效提高玉米产量,反而降低了WUE。各处理玉米的叶、鞘含水率变化趋势一致,灌浆期前无明显差异,乳熟至成熟期表现为T3/T4>T1>T2>CK。CK、T2、T4的茎、穗含水率变化趋势一致。综合结果来看,要达到保证玉米产量最佳、籽粒结构优质和节水灌溉的目的,需要综合平衡好小喇叭口至灌浆期的水分。
In response to the serious problem of the tight supply and demand of water and grain in Ningxia,an experiment on the effects of water stress during the critical growth period of corn was carried out to provide a theoretical basis for regional food security and rational irrigation.In this study,the water stress test was carried out with the corn‘Xianyu556’as the test material.The test set up a control group CK(no coercion),and 4 treatments(water stress from tasseling stage to grain filling stage,T1;water stress from small bell mouth stage to tasseling stage,T2;water stress from small bell mouth stage to grain filling stage,T3;water stress from small bell mouth stage to grain filling stage with added irrigation,T4).The soil water content and photosynthesis were measured according to the maize development stage and irrigation time.The yield structure was measured at the mature stage,and the Water Use Efficiency(WUE)and harvest index(HI)were calculated.The results showed:water stress from small bell mouth stage to grain filling stage limited maize photosynthesis due to stomatal factors caused by drought stress.The net photosynthetic rate of the treatment of added irrigation in corn filling stage was increased by 62.7%than that of CK.Ear length,ear diameter,ear weight,number of rows per ear,grain weight per ear and grain number per ear were significantly decreased by 22.6%,24.9%,63%,28.7%,67.7% and 71% in T3 treatment compared with CK treatment.In addition,plant height,ear stem,heading rate,grain yield and harvest index were also significantly decreased.Combined with yield and water use efficiency,the WUE of T1and T2 treatments was higher than that of CK.The yield of T2 was 18.9% lower than that of CK,the yield of T1 was 1.3% lower than that of CK,and the WUE was 36% higher than that of CK.The yields of T3 and T4 were significantly lower than those of CK.T4 treatment did not effectively increase maize yield,but decreased WUE.The moisture content of leaves and sheathing of maize in all treatments had the same trend,but had no significant difference before grain filling stage,and showed T3/T4>T1>T2>CK from milking to maturity stage.The moisture content of stem and ear of CK,T2 and T4 showed the same trend.According to the comprehensive results,to ensure the best corn yield,high grain structure and water-saving irrigation,it is necessary to comprehensively balance the water from the small bell mouth stage to the filling stage.
作者
徐蕊
马国飞
尚艳
姜琳琳
李阳
XU Rui;MA Guo-fei;SHANG Yan;JIANG Lin-lin;LI Yang(Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions,CMA,Yinchuan 750002,China;Ningxia Key Lab of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction,Yinchuan 750002,China;Ningxia Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China)
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2022年第10期44-49,共6页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
宁夏自然科学基金项目“宁夏灌区玉米苗期晚霜冻预报方法研究”(2019AAC03254)
公益性行业(气象)科研专项重大项目(201506001-23)。
作者简介
徐蕊(1993-),女,助理工程师,硕士,研究方向为农业气象灾害研究。E-mail:1412807332@qq.com。
