摘要
吞咽为吞咽中枢、颅神经、面神经、舌咽神经、迷走神经、副神经、舌下神经等一起支配口、咽、喉、食管等多个器官协调实现一系列复杂动作,任何一部位受损均可引发吞咽障碍。吞咽困难为脑卒中后并发症之一,临床表现为进食费力、进食时间长、进食量下降等,可引起误吸、脱水、营养障碍、心理和社交障碍等,对患者生活、语言、饮食等造成不同程度影响,进而产生心理负担,导致治疗依从性降低,继而影响康复效果。自我效能感能影响个人态度、行为、情绪等,进而影响自我管理行为。吞咽障碍对脑卒中者影响很大,故脑卒中后吞咽障碍相关问题已逐渐受到临床医生普遍关注。临床针对脑卒中后吞咽困难患者康复方法的进展相关研究较多,但对于自我效能感在康复进展中作用研究较少。本文结合相关文献资料,对于脑卒中后吞咽困难发生机制、康复训练及自我效能感的研究进展进行综述,以期为患者的康复提供帮助。
Swallowing is a series of complex actions coordinated by the swallowing center,cranial nerve,facial nerve,glossopharyngeal nerve,vagus nerve,accessory nerve,hypoglossal nerve,etc.,which together dominate the mouth,pharynx,throat,esophagus and other organs.Damage to any part can cause swallowing disorders.Dysphagia is one of the complications after stroke.Its clinical manifestations are laborious eating,long eating time,decreased eating volume,etc.,which can cause aspiration,dehydration,nutritional disorders,psychological and social disorders,and affect the patients’ life,language,diet,etc.to varying degrees,resulting in psychological burden,which reduce treatment compliance,and then affect the rehabilitation effect.Self efficacy can affect personal attitudes,behaviors,emotions,etc.,and then affect self-management behavior.Dysphagia has a great impact on stroke patients,so the related problems of dysphagia after stroke have gradually been widely concerned by clinicians.There are many studies on the progress of rehabilitation methods for patients with dysphagia after stroke,but there are few studies on the role of self-efficacy in rehabilitation progress.Combined with relevant literature,this paper reviews the research progress of dysphagia mechanism,rehabilitation training and self-efficacy after stroke,in order to provide help for the rehabilitation of patients.
作者
杨金凤
YANG Jin-feng(Department of Neurology,Tianjin Port Hospital,Tianjin 300456,China)
出处
《中国城乡企业卫生》
2022年第8期65-67,共3页
Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene
作者简介
通信作者:杨金凤,本科,主管护师,主要从事神经内科护理工作,E-mail:vv688zz@126.com。
