摘要
遮阴树种植是生态茶园建设的重要内容。文章对与遮阴树不同距离茶树的生育状况、新梢产量和品质等进行了研究。结果表明,遮阴树对茶叶产量和品质的影响主要取决于遮阴程度,靠近遮阴树的茶树由于阳光不足,叶片叶绿素含量提高,但净光合速率显著降低,茶树高度、幅度和分枝数显著减少,新梢密度和百芽质量降低,导致茶叶产量显著降低,但茶叶品质成分氨基酸含量有所提高,茶多酚含量和酚氨比降低,从而有利于提高绿茶品质;遮阴树对茶树生长的影响以树冠边缘为度,边缘外方下的茶树产量和净光合速率较高;随着茶树离遮阴树距离的进一步增加,无论是茶树生长发育,还是茶叶产量和品质等均没有明显影响。在茶园种植遮阴树时,遮阴树与茶树之间要有2 m以上的距离。
Planting of shading trees is one of the key components in the construction of ecological tea gardens. The growth and development, yield and quality of tea plants with different distances to shading trees were studied in this paper. The results showed that the effects of shading tree on tea yield and quality were mainly depending on the shading degrees, with tea plants near to the shading trees, the chlorophyll content of tea leaves increased, but the net photosynthesis rate decreased due to lack of sunshine. The height, width and number of branches of tea plant were significantly decreased, as well as the density and weight of shoots. However, the green tea quality would be improved due to the increase of free amino acids, and the decrease of both the total polyphenols and the ratio of tea polyphenol to free amino acids in shoots. The effect of shading trees was dependent on the distance to its canopy edge. Tea yield and net photosynthesis rate of the outer edge of the canopy were the highest.With the further increase of the distance to the shading trees, the growth and development of tea plants, and tea yield and quality would not be affected any more.When planting shading trees in tea garden, the distance between shading trees and tea plants should be more than 2 m.
作者
韩文炎
金晶
魏吉鹏
张兰
李鑫
HAN Wenyan;JIN Jing;WEI Jipeng;ZHANG Lan;LI Xin(Tea Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 31008,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Zhejiang Province,Hangzhou 310020,China)
出处
《中国茶叶》
2022年第9期16-19,共4页
China Tea
基金
浙江省“三农六方”科技协作项目(2021SNLF014)。
关键词
茶树
遮阴树
产量
品质
光合作用
tea plant
shading tree
yield
quality
photosynthesis
作者简介
韩文炎,男,研究员,主要从事茶树生态栽培研究,E-mail:hanwy@tricaas.com。
