摘要
从地理标志保护主要国际条约的规定来看,地理标志经历了从“产地标记”到“原产地名称”再到“地理标志”等多个术语渐进式共存的演化历程。地理标志法律概念历经早先时期的模糊不定,现已逐步走向“尽管术语使用仍然不统一,但具体内涵已相对明晰”。能够获得知识产权保护的地理标志,应指那些已在市场上用来识别具有可归因性质量特征的特色商品之地理来源并因此享有声誉的商业标记。在《巴黎公约》《里斯本协定》和《TRIPS协定》等框架下,“地理标志”与“产地标记”及“原产地名称”之间实质上并不存在所谓“孰大孰小”或者“谁包含谁”的问题,“地理标志”一词已发展成为包括“产地标记”和“原产地名称”等在内的同一类知识产权客体之不同语用表现形式的统一规范性称谓。而在欧盟相关立法和《日内瓦文本》中,“地理标志”与“原产地名称”则为同一类知识产权客体的不同子类别。我国现行多套保护立法并存着“地理标志”“地理标志产品”和“农产品地理标志”等多个术语概念。整合和重新界定地理标志术语概念,首先需要统一地理标志保护相关立法。我国地理标志保护立法统一宜分“两步走”。统一立法下对地理标志法律概念的重新界定,宜以《商标法》中的地理标志定义为基准并对其加以修改完善。同时,基于“声誉”要素考量,有必要进一步修改《地理标志保护规定(征求意见稿)》第2条、第12条及其他相关条文,统一地理标志术语使用,合理界定地理标志含义,将产品的知名度等要求重新纳入保护条件之中。
From the perspective of major international treaties,the concept of geographical indications has experienced the gradual coexistence with multiple terms,such as"indications of source"and"appellation of origin".Geographical indications that can be protected by intellectual property rights are those indications that have been used in the market to identify the geographical origin of goods with attributable quality characteristics and thus have a reputation.Under the framework of the Paris Convention,the Lisbon Agreement and the TRIPS Agreement,there is no relationship among"geographical indications","indications of source"and"appellations of origin",but the concept of geographical indications has become a unifi ed normative term.In EU legislation and the Geneva Act,"geographical indications"and"appellations of origin"are two subsets of the same intellectual property subject matter.However,there are various terms and concepts such as"geographical indications","geographical indication products"and"geographical indications of agricultural products"in China's current legislations.Perfecting the concept of geographical indication terminology requires the unifying legislation on geographical indication protection.The unifi cation of China's legislation on geographical indication protection should be divided into"two steps".Redefining the legal concept of geographical indications under unified legislation should take that defi nition in the Chinese Trademark Law as the benchmark and revise it.Considering the importance of'reputation',it is necessary to revise,among others,Article 2 and Article 12 of the Regulations on the Protection of Geographical Indications(Draft for Comment),and reincorporate the product's reputation into the requirements of protection.
出处
《知识产权》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第8期60-78,共19页
Intellectual Property
基金
2021年贵州省哲学社会科学规划青年课题“贵州地理标志产品法律保护体系构建研究”(21GZQN16)资助。
关键词
地理标志
原产地名称
产地标记
声誉
专门法
商标法
geographical indications
appellation of origin
indications of source
reputation
sui generis law
trademark law
作者简介
孙智,法学博士,贵州师范大学法学院/知识产权中心副教授。
