摘要
通过两因素裂区盆栽试验,研究不同氮素形态运筹对甘薯前期光合特性、干物质积累、碳代谢产物形成和根系生长发育特性的影响。以鄂薯11、宁紫薯8号和鄂薯15为供试材料,根据氮素的3种形态设置5个氮素配比处理,铵态氮∶硝态氮∶酰胺态氮=1∶1∶1(N1)、1∶0∶2(N2)、2∶0∶1(N3)、1∶2∶0(N4)和2∶1∶0(N5)。结果表明,在甘薯生长发育前期,所有处理的叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率均呈上升趋势,以N4和N5处理硝态氮和铵态氮配施对叶绿素含量影响最大;各部位干物质积累量均升高,其中老茎的干物质积累量高于嫩茎,须根干物质积累量变化呈先上升后下降的趋势;叶片淀粉含量逐渐减少,可溶性糖含量增加,茎顶部和茎基部淀粉含量均逐渐增加,但茎顶部可溶性糖含量上升,茎基部可溶性糖含量下降,根可溶性糖和淀粉含量均逐渐增加;茎顶部与茎基部之间存在明显的蔗糖浓度差,茎顶部蔗糖含量变化呈先下降后上升的趋势,茎基部则逐渐上升的趋势,以N4和N5处理下茎蔓蔗糖含量最高,N2处理最低;吸收根根系活力均上升,以N4和N5处理对吸收根根系活力影响最大;在块根分化建成期,N4和N5处理下木质部导管数目和薄壁细胞数目要多于其他处理,其内部维管束产生的次生形成层增多,且皮层更薄。综上所述,硝态氮肥和铵态氮肥对块根形成及光合产物运输的影响效应优于酰胺态氮肥,不同品种间存在差异,但其根系发育和光合产物运输及分配的变化趋势趋于一致。本试验N4处理即铵态氮∶硝态氮∶酰胺态氮=1∶2∶0的配施方案为甘薯生长发育前期块根形成及光合产物运输分配最佳的配施组合。
Through the two-factor split-plot potted experiment,the effects of different nitrogen forms on the early photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation,carbon metabolite formation and root growth and development characteristics of sweet potato were studied.Using Eshu 11,Ningzishu 8 and Eshu 15 as the test materials,five nitrogen ratio treatments were set up according to the ratio of three forms of nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen∶nitrate nitrogenv∶amide nitrogen=1∶1∶1(N1),1∶0∶2(N2),2∶0∶1(N3),1∶0∶2(N4)and 2∶0∶1(N5).The results showed that in the early stage of sweet potato growth and development,the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of all treatments showed an upward trend.The combined application of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in N4 and N5 treatments had the greatest impact on chlorophyll content.The dry matter accumulation in each part was all increased,which was higher in old stems than that in tender stems.The dry matter accumulation of fibrous roots increased first and then decreased.The starch content of leaves gradually decreased,and the content of soluble sugar increased.The content of starch at the top of the stem and the base of the stem were both gradually increased,but the soluble sugar content at the top of the stem increased,the soluble sugar content at the stem base decreased,and the root soluble sugar and starch content gradually increased.There was a significant difference in sucrose concentration between the stem top and the stem base,and the sucrose content at the top of the stem decreased first then increased,but the sucrose content at the stem base gradually increased.The vine sucrose content was the highest under N4 and N5 treatments,and the lowest under N2 treatment;the root vigor of absorbing roots both increased,and N4 and N5 treatments had the greatest impact on the root vigor of absorbing roots.At the completion stage,the number of xylem bundles and parenchyma cells under N4 and N5 treatments were more than other treatments,and the secondary cambium produced by the internal vascular bundles increased,and the cortex was thinner.In conclusion,the effects of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and ammonium nitrogen fertilizer on tuber root formation and photosynthetic product transportation are better than amide nitrogen fertilizer.There are differences among different varieties,but the change trend of root development and photosynthetic product transportation and distribution tends to be consistent.In this experiment,the N4 treatment,that is,the combined application scheme of ammonium nitrogen∶nitrate nitrogen∶amide nitrogen=1∶2∶0 is the best combination of application for the formation of tuber roots and the transportation and distribution of photosynthetic products in the early stage of sweet potato growth and development.
作者
李成阳
柴沙沙
刘意
王连军
雷剑
张文英
杨新笋
LI Cheng-yang;CHAI Sha-sha;LIU Yi;WANG Lian-jun;LEI Jian;ZHANG Wen-ying;YANG Xin-sun(Agronomy College,Yangtze University,Jingzhou Hubei 434025;Food Crops Research Institute,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Sweet Potato Engineering Technology Research Center/Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Crop Planting Innovation and Genetic Improvement,Wuhan Hubei 430064)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第7期29-40,共12页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1001302,2019YFD1001300)
湖北省对外科技合作项目(2018AHB012)
国家甘薯现代产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-11-C-15)
湖北省农业科技创新中心项目(2007-620-001-03)。
关键词
甘薯
氮素形态配比
生长前期
光合产物运输
块根分化建成
ipomoea batatas
nitrogen form ratio
prophase growth stage
photosynthetic transport
root tuber differentiation
作者简介
共同第一作者:李成阳(1996-),硕士研究生,主要从事甘薯栽培生理研究。E-mail:lichengyang199603@163.com。;共同第一作者:柴沙沙(1987-),助理研究员,硕士,主要从事甘薯栽培生理研究,E-mail:chaishasha2008@126.com。;通讯作者:张文英,E-mail:wyzhang@yangtzeu.edu.cn;通讯作者:杨新笋,E-mail:yangxins013@163.com。
