摘要
为了探明增效复合肥减氮施用对小麦-玉米产量和养分效率的影响,2017–2020年度在安徽省涡阳县布置不同增效复合肥及其减氮施用的田间试验。试验共设置9个处理,分别为不施肥(CK)、常规复合肥(CF)、腐殖酸复合肥(HF)、氨基酸复合肥(AF)、海藻酸复合肥(SF)、常规复合肥减氮20%(CR)、腐殖酸复合肥减氮20%(HR)、氨基酸复合肥减氮20%(AR)和海藻酸复合肥减氮20%(SR)。结果表明:不减氮处理小麦和玉米3年的平均产量高低顺序分别为AF>SF>HF>CF、SF>HF>AF>CF;减氮处理小麦和玉米3年的平均产量分别为AR>SR>HR>CR、HR>SR>AR>CR;周年平均产量SF>AF>HF>AR>SR>HR>CF>CR,增效复合肥减氮处理较增效复合肥不减氮处理周年产量下降6.37%,较CF处理周年产量增加3.51%,较CR处理周年产量增加10.40%。施用增效复合肥的处理小麦穗粒数较CF处理平均增加19.30%,施用增效复合肥的处理玉米穗粒数较CF处理平均增加5.80%,增效复合肥减氮处理较增效复合肥不减氮处理小麦、玉米穗粒数分别下降3.40%和2.60%。养分效率是衡量小麦、玉米吸收利用肥料效果的重要指标,小麦季增效复合肥不减氮的处理氮、磷和钾肥利用率较CF处理平均提高了10.32%,增效复合肥减氮处理与CR处理相比,氮、磷和钾肥吸收利用率平均提高了7.94%,增效复合肥处理小麦季平均肥料农学效率、偏生产力较CF处理分别提高了3.19和3.17 kg^(-1)·kg^(-1),减氮20%后,施用3种增效复合肥的处理肥料农学效率、偏生产力较CR处理分别提高3.10和3.15 kg^(-1)·kg^(-1);玉米季增效复合肥不减氮的处理氮、磷和钾肥吸收利用率较CF处理平均提高了7.35%,增效复合肥处理玉米季肥料的农学效率、偏生产力较CF处理分别提高了0.97和0.66 kg^(-1)·kg^(-1),减氮20%后,施用3种增效复合肥的处理较CR处理氮、磷和钾肥吸收利用率分别提高了4.87%、4.71%和9.03%。综上,试验条件下增效复合肥较普通复合肥等养分条件下能显著提高小麦、玉米的产量和养分效率,增产主要体现在增加小麦和玉米穗粒数;增效复合肥减氮施用条件下,小麦季较普通复合肥处理呈现增产,玉米季呈现减产,而周年产量表现为减肥稳产。
In order to provide a basis for rational application of synergistic compound fertilizer,the effects of nitrogen reduction application of synergistic compound fertilizer on wheat and maize yield and nutrient efficiency were explored through a field experiment of different synergistic compound fertilizers and nitrogen reduction application in Guoyang county,Anhui Province from 2017 to 2020.There were nine treatments in the experiment:No fertilizer (CK),conventional compound fertilizer (CF),humic acid compound fertilizer (HF),amino acid compound fertilizer (AF),alginate compound fertilizer (SF),conventional compound fertilizer 20%N reduction (CR),humic acid compound fertilizer 20%N reduction (HR),amino acid compound fertilizer 20%N reduction (AR) and alginate compound fertilizer 20%N reduction (SR).The results showed that the order of average yield of wheat and maize without N reduction was AF>SF>HF>CF,SF>HF>AF>CF,respectively.The average yield of wheat and maize treated with N reduction was AR>SR>HR>CR and HR>SR>AR>CR,respectively.The order of annual average yield was SF>AF>HF>AR>SR>HR>CF>CR.The annual yield with nitrogen-reducing compound fertilizer treatment was 6.37%lower than that of non-nitrogen-reducing treatment,and the annual yield increased by 3.51%compared with CF treatment and 10.40%with CR treatment,respectively.The grain number per ear of wheat in the treatment of synergic compound fertilizer increased 19.30%on average compared with that of CF,and the grain number per ear of corn in the treatment of synergic compound fertilizer increased 5.80%on average compared with that of CF.The grain number per ear of wheat and maize in the treatment of nitrogen-reducing compound fertilizer decreased 3.40%and 2.60%,respectively,compared with that in the treatment of nitrogen-reducing compound fertilizer.Nutrient efficiency is an important index to measure the effect of fertilizer absorption and utilization of wheat and maize.The utilization rates of N,P and K in the treatment of wheat season synergistic compound fertilizer without reducing N increased by 10.32%on average compared with CF treatment,and the utilization rates of N,P and K increased by 7.94%on average compared with CRtreatment.The agronomic efficiency and partial productivity of HF,AF and SF treatments were increased by 3.19 and3.17 kg^(-1)·kg^(-1),respectively,compared with CF treatment.After 20%N reduction,the agronomic efficiency and partial productivity of HF,AF and SF treatments were increased by 3.10 and 3.15 kg^(-1)·kg^(-1),respectively,compared with CRtreatment.Compared with CF,the absorption and utilization rates of N,P and K fertilizer in the treatment without reducing N increased by 7.35%on average,and the agricultural efficiency and partial productivity of maize fertilizer in the treatment with HF,AF and SF increased by 0.97 and 0.66 kg^(-1)·kg^(-1),respectively.Compared with CR treatment,the utilization rates of N,P and K increased by 4.87%,4.71%and 9.03%after 20%N reduction,respectively.In conclusion,compared with common compound fertilizer,the yield and nutrient efficiency of wheat and maize under experimental conditions were significantly increased by increasing grain number per ear of wheat and maize.Under the application of synergistic compound fertilizer and nitrogen reduction,the yield of wheat and maize was higher and lower than that of ordinary compound fertilizer,while the annual yield was stable and slimming.
作者
张富源
叶赟
王丽
朱荣
刘子君
穆静
齐永波
章力干
ZHANG Fuyuan;YE Yun;WANG Li;ZHU Rong;LIU Zijun;MU Jing;QI Yongbo;ZHANG Ligan(Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention,School of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036)
出处
《安徽农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
2022年第3期388-394,共7页
Journal of Anhui Agricultural University
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200402,2018YFD0800301)资助。
关键词
冬小麦
夏玉米
增效复合肥
减氮施肥
产量
养分利用率
winter wheat
summer maize
synergistic compound fertilizer
nitrogen reduction fertilization
production
nutrient availability
作者简介
张富源,硕士研究生。E-mail:1161019666@qq.com;通信作者:章力干,副教授。E-mail:zhligan@ahau.edu.cn。
