摘要
濠梁观鱼是中国古典文化中的重要典故,并成为古典园林营造中的经典主题。清代皇家园林中有多处濠梁案例,清漪园的惠山园知鱼桥是其中的重要代表。现有研究对惠山园的园林历史、景致格局、造园艺术,以及与寄畅园的对比研究等方面取得丰硕成果,但缺少对知鱼桥桥景的探析。通过对知鱼桥的文献考证和实地调研,发现知鱼桥在观桥成景、立桥观景、过桥换景、因桥生境4个方面皆有精彩营造;并且总结知鱼桥的形式、位置、环境营造,以及文化寓意等皆共同指向“观鱼”这一核心命题。这种以点带面的知鱼桥桥景设计,融合了文化主题和物理环境的整体观,是古人重要的园林营造智慧,可为当代建筑与景观设计提供有益思路。
Fish Watching from the Bridge over the Hao River(pronounced as“Haoliangguanyu”in Chinese)is an essential allusion of Chinese classical culture and has become a classic theme in the construction of classical gardens.There were many bridges similar to the Bridge over the Hao River in the imperial gardens of Qing Dynasty,mainly represented by Zhiyu Bridge in Huishan Garden,Summer Palace.Existing research on Huishan Garden has achieved fruitful results in the garden’s history,landscape pattern,gardening art and comparison with Jichang Garden,while seldom analyzing the bridge landscape of Zhiyu Bridge.Through literature research and field investigation,this research finds that Zhiyu Bridge has terrific design in four aspects:bridge as the scenery,scenery from the bridge,scenery conversion across the bridge,and bridge forming the artistic conception.It also summarizes the form,location,environmental design and cultural implication of Zhiyu Bridge,all of which point to the core proposition of“fish watching”.Fanning out from point to area,the landscape design of Zhiyu Bridge integrates the overall view of cultural theme and physical environment,well reflecting the garden construction wisdom of the ancients,which can provide valuable ideas for contemporary architecture and landscape design.
作者
严雨
贾珺
YAN Yu;JIA Jun(the School of Design and Art,Beijing Institute of Technology;the School of Architecture,Tsinghua University)
出处
《风景园林》
2022年第8期33-38,共6页
Landscape Architecture
基金
国家自然科学基金(编号51778317)。
关键词
皇家园林
清漪园(颐和园)
惠山园
知鱼桥
桥景
濠梁
imperial garden
Summer Palace
Huishan Garden
Zhiyu Bridge
bridge landscape
Bridge over the Hao River
作者简介
严雨,男,博士,北京理工大学设计与艺术学院讲师,研究方向为建筑历史与设计理论;通信作者:贾珺,男,博士,清华大学建筑学院教授,研究方向为中国建筑史与园林史,邮箱,Email:jiajun@tsinghua.edu.cn。
