摘要
中原地区龙山时代城址分期表明,学术界认为的”城堡林立”,并非存在于整个龙山时代,确切来说应在其晚期第四、五、六段,即大致公元前2100—前1900年。在龙山时代早期和晚期前两段,其城址分别为一城和两城并立;至第四段,出现5城共存;既至第五段,则达9城并存。此时中原地区龙山时代城址无论是数量还是规模均发展至其最高峰。但该批城址随即在该时段末和第六段遭到阶段性大规模毁弃,代之而起的仅有新砦期城址。究其原因,该地区龙山时代晚期的早中期城址的毁弃可能与人地关系紧张引起的冲突或战争有关;但其晚期城址阶段性大规模毁弃,则更可能与发生于公元前2000—前1800年的大洪水有关。而参考相关文献记载,这一系列事件发生的地域和年代大致与“大禹治水”相符。考古资料表明,郝家台、王城岗城址城墙毁弃后即仅用环壕,新砦龙山及新砦期城址亦采用三重城壕及护坡加固的方式,这一弃用易于导致内涝的高大城墙而使用便于疏洪排涝的环壕治水方法的变革,可能亦与文献记载的禹治水改鲧“堵”而用“疏”的做法成功控制水患有关。
The chronology of city sites of Longshan Age in the Central China indicates that the"forest of cities"considered by the academic circles did not exist in the whole Longshan Age,but in the fourth,fifth,and sixth periods of the late Longshan Age,i.e.,roughly 2100 B.C.to 1900 B.C.In the Longshan early period and the first two periods of the late Longshan Age,there were only one city and two cities located side by side respectively.In the fourth period,five cities existed side by side;as far as the fifth period,nine cities coexisted.At this time,both the number and scale of cities of Longshan Age in the Central China reached their peak.However,at the end of the period and in the sixth period of the late Longshan Age,these cities were destroyed on a large scale,and only Xinzhai city of Xinzhai period was created.The reason is that the destruction of the early and middle periods of the late Longshan Age cities may be related to the conflict or war caused by the tension of man-land relationship.However,the periodic large-scale destruction of the cities in the late Longshan Age is more likely to be related to the great floods that occurred between 2000 BC and 1800 BC.Referring to the relevant literature records,the region and age of the series of events are roughly consistent with"Dayu’s Flood Control".And archaeological data show that only ring trenches were used after the destruction of the walls of Haojiatai and Wangchenggang cities.And both Xinzhai cities of Longshan and Xinzhai period also adopted triple trenches and revetment reinforcement method.The harnessing method change from deprecating the tall walls which easily lead to waterlogging to using ring trenches easily drain floods off may be related to Yu changing the harnessing method from Gun’s blocking to dredging which recorded in the relevant literature.
出处
《南方文物》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第2期190-200,168,共12页
Cultural Relics in Southern China
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“多维视域下夏文化形成研究”(19BKG001)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
中原地区
龙山时代城址
分期
早夏洪水
Central China
City sites of Longshan Age
Chronology
Floods of early Xia dynasty
