摘要
氢能作为一种理想的清洁能源受到世界各国重视。压力容器和管道是氢能产业大规模、长距离、安全高效输送的重要途径。但长期使用过程中金属容易发生氢脆并导致失效,对氢能应用带来了极大挑战。本文针对氢环境下压力容器及管道材料相容性进行论述,首先阐述了典型氢脆机理及氢进入材料内部的渗透机理,随后总结分析了压力容器和高钢级管线钢氢脆特征。针对氢致失效难题提出如下措施:(1)改善热处理及加工工艺,避免钢中出现对氢敏感的组织,同时严格控制钢中夹杂物含量及尺寸;(2)改善焊接工艺,减弱热影响区氢致开裂敏感性;(3)钢中引入有效氢陷阱提高其抗氢脆性能。该结论将为未来压力容器及管道使用安全性研究打下基础。
As an ideal clean energy, hydrogen energy has attracted the attention of countries all over the world. Pressure vessels and pipelines are important technologies for large-scale, long-distance, safe and efficient transmission in hydrogen energy industry. However, in the process of long-term service, steels are prone to hydrogen embrittlement(HE) and failure, which brings great challenges to the application of hydrogen energy.This paper discussed the material compatibility of pressure vessels and pipelines in hydrogen atmosphere.Firstly, the typical HE mechanism and the mechanism of hydrogen penetration into steels were described, and then the HE characteristics of pressure vessels and high-grade pipelines were summarized. Aiming at the hydrogen induced failure of steels, the following measures are put forward:(1) improving heat treatment and processing technologies to avoid the hydrogen sensitive structures and control the inclusion characteristics(quantity and size) in steels;(2) reducing the sensitivity of hydrogen induced cracking in heat affected zones by improving welding process;(3) introducing effective hydrogen traps into steel can improve its HE resistance.This conclusion could lay foundations for the service safety research of pressure vessels and pipelines in the future.
作者
陈林
董绍华
李凤
张行
CHEN Lin;DONG Shaohua;LI Feng;ZHANG Hang(Pipeline Technology and Safety Research Center,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China;State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China)
出处
《力学与实践》
北大核心
2022年第3期503-518,共16页
Mechanics in Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51874322)。
关键词
材料相容性
氢脆
压力容器
管道
material compatibility
hydrogen embrittlement
pressure vessel
pipeline
作者简介
董绍华,博士,博士生导师,中国石油大学(北京)安全与海洋工程学院教授,,研究方向为氢能输送、安全科学与工程、管道工程、管道完整性管理、大数据与人工智能等。管道完整性与安全技术与工程专家,国家科技创新领军人才,科技部“中青年科技创新领军人才”,新疆自治区天山英才学者,北京市应急管理学科带头人、北京市高精尖学科“城市能源安全与供给保障”学科带头人等。其主要研究方向为安全科学与工程、大数据与人工智能、氢能储运工程、信息工程技术等。曾获2018年度国家技术发明二等奖1项,2017年度教育部科技进步一等奖等国家、省部级奖励20余项,出版学术专著与教材21部,主持国家及行业标准8部,授权发明专利17项,发表SCI/EI论文50余篇,承担了国家重点计划“国家石油天然气储备库安全保障技术与装备研发项目”,并担任项目负责人。E-mail:shdong@cup.edu.cn。
