摘要
研究沼液配施化肥对土壤微生物特性、土壤养分及玉米生长的影响。结果表明:沼液配施化肥及单施沼液均能降低土壤真菌数量和增加细菌、放线菌数量,其中45%沼液配施55%化肥处理真菌数量较常规施肥显著降低66%,细菌、放线菌数量分别显著增加160.3%、312.5%。沼液配施化肥可显著增加土壤脲酶、磷酸酶及蔗糖酶活性,但过氧化氢酶含量变化不明显。施用沼液可有效促进土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量的增加,且差异显著。沼液配施化肥有效提高土壤微生物生物量(SMB)和有机碳(SOC)含量,其中45%沼液配施55%化肥处理土壤微生物生物量碳(SMBC),微生物生物量氮(SMBN)、微生物生物量磷(SMBP)和有机碳(SOC)含量较常规施肥分别显著增加70.0%、195.6%、91.6%和71.6%。施用沼液降低了SMBC/SMBN值,而土壤微生物熵(qMB)和土壤SMBN/TN值均增加,且随着沼液用量的增加先增加后降低。相关性分析表明,土壤SMB与土壤有机质、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾间均呈显著或极显著正相关关系,脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶均与土壤养分呈显著或极显著正相关关系,过氧化氢酶与土壤养分的相关性不显著。沼液配施化肥对玉米生长及光合作用有显著促进作用,以45%沼液配施55%化肥处理最佳,随着沼液配施比例的增加,玉米产量先增加后降低,45%沼液配施55%化肥处理最高,较常规施肥显著增加40.9%。综合分析,45%沼液配施55%化肥可有效改善土壤结构,显著提高土壤肥力,从而促进作物生长,增加产量,可作为沼液配施化肥的最佳比例。
The effects of biogas slurry combined with chemical fertilizer on soil microbial characteristics,soil nutrients and maize growth were studied.The results showed that biogas slurry combined with chemical fertilizer and biogas slurry alone reduced the number of soil fungi and increase the number of bacteria and actinomycetes.The number of fungi in 45%biogas slurry combined with 55%chemical fertilizer treatment was significantly lower than that in conventional fertilization by 66%,and the number of bacteria and actinomycetes was significantly increased by 160.3%and 312.5%,respectively.Biogas slurry combined with chemical fertilizer significantly increased soil urease,phosphatase and invertase activities,but the change of catalase content was not obvious.The application of biogas slurry effectively promoted the increase of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,and the differences were significant.Soil microbial biomass(SMB)and organic carbon(SOC)were effectively increased by biogas slurry combined with chemical fertilizer.Compared with conventional fertilization,45%biogas slurry combined with 55%chemical fertilizer significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon(SMBC),microbial biomass nitrogen(SMBN),microbial biomass phosphorus(SMBP)and organic carbon(SOC)by 70.0%,195.6%,91.6%and 71.6%,respectively.The application of biogas slurry decreased the MBC/MBN ratio,while soil microbial entropy(qMB)and soil MBN/TN value increased,and increased first and then decreased with the increase of biogas slurry dosage.Correlation analysis showed that soil SMB was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with soil organic matter,total phosphorus,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium.Urease,phosphatase and sucrase were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with soil nutrients,and catalase was not significantly correlated with soil nutrients.The application of biogas slurry combined with chemical fertilizer significantly promoted the growth and photosynthesis of maize,and the treatment of 45%biogas slurry combined with 55%chemical fertilizer was the best.With the increase of biogas slurry proportion,the yield of maize increased first and then decreased.The treatment of 45%biogas slurry combined with 55%chemical fertilizer was the highest,which was significantly increased by 40.9%,compared with conventional fertilization.Comprehensive analysis showed that 45%biogas slurry combined with 55%chemical fertilizer could effectively improve soil structure,significantly improve soil fertility,thereby promoting crop growth and increasing yield,which could be used as the optimal proportion of biogas slurry combined with chemical fertilizer.
作者
刘敏
纪立东
王锐
司海丽
LIU Min;JI Li-dong;WANG Rui;SI Hai-li(Agricultural College of Ningxia University,Yinchuan Ningxia 750021;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan Ningxia 750002)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第5期68-76,共9页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
宁夏农林科学院一二三产业融合发展科技创新示范项目(YES16-0908)
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2019BCF01001)
宁夏农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范项目(NGSB-2021-11-07)。
关键词
沼液
青贮玉米
微生物生物量
微生物熵
相关性
biogas slurry
silage maize
microbial biomass
microbial entropy
relevance
作者简介
刘敏(1998-),硕士研究生,研究方向为植物营养与农业资源利用。E-mail:1152038835@qq.com;通讯作者:纪立东,E-mail:940307275@qq.com。
