摘要
在第三、四次争论之后,主流国际关系学进入常规科学状态,但学者们一直在尝试突破现有范式、实现重大理论创新。传统的理论创新路径主要有两条:一是多元化,包括沿着现有范式和议题实现渐进的知识增长以及在主流范式、议题和理论之外另辟蹊径,寻找新的理论增长空间;二是一体化,包括理论整合和理论折中两个取向,前者是范式导向的,目的是构建新的理论或研究纲领,后者则由问题驱动,目的是为特定的现象提供充分的解释。沿着上述两条路径,国际关系学者的理论创新努力卓有成效。但是,从认识论上看,国际关系理论创新都集中在供给端,追求理论在经验上的“真实性”是其共性。相应地,学者们对思想市场和理论的知识产品属性重视不够,没有将消费端纳入分析。实际上,国际关系理论的重要性和生命力是理论生产者和理论消费者共同作用的结果。如果说理论生产的核心是真实性,那么理论消费的重点就是“适恰性”,包括认知适恰性——简约性以及情感适恰性——一致性。重大的国际关系理论创新应该既高度真实,又非常简约,同时不与主流国际关系共同体的基本观念、偏好和利益发生严重的冲突。
International Relations has become a normal science after the Third and Fourth Debate,though scholars have been endeavoring to make theoretical breakthroughs beyond existing paradigms and research programs. The regular approaches to IR theory construction are two-folded, that is, diversification and unification. Whereas the former consists of making incremental contributions to and explore the possibility of the growth of knowledge within and beyond the existing paradigms, theories and issues, the latter is made up of two subcategories, that is, paradigm-oriented theoretical integration that aims to construct new theories or research programs and problem-driven theoretic eclecticism that means to provide sufficient explanations for an event. Following the above two paths, theoretical innovations in IR have achieved significant fruits. Nonetheless, from an epistemological point of view, all the discoveries concentrate on the supply side in the sense that they attempt to pursue the empirical “truth”. Meanwhile, IR scholars have not paid adequate attention to the fact that IR theories are knowledge products in nature, largely failing to take the demand side into consideration. As a matter of fact, the significance and market power of an IR theory is jointly determined by not only theory producers but also theory consumers. While theory production is focused upon truth, theory consumption is predominantly characterized by “ affinity,”specifically cognitive affinity—simplicity, and affective affinity—compatibility. Important new IR theories are supposed to both come as much close to the truth as possible, and at the same time remain compatible with the fundamental beliefs, preferences and interests of the mainstream IR community.
出处
《欧洲研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第2期118-146,I0005,共30页
Chinese Journal of European Studies
基金
2021年度国家社会科学基金重点项目“非合法性暴力对发达国家能力的影响研究”(项目编号:21AGJ004)的阶段性成果。
作者简介
卢凌宇,云南大学“一带一路”研究院、非洲研究中心教授。
