摘要
【目的】明确氮肥密度互作对籽粒库容和弱势粒库活性的影响,为挖掘春玉米产量潜力提供理论依据。【方法】以郑单958、先玉335为试验材料,设置3个氮肥水平、5个密度水平,共15个处理,分别定期取样测定春玉米弱势粒库活性、个体库容、群体库容和果穗败育率。【结果】氮肥密度互作下,春玉米弱势粒库活性随着籽粒灌浆呈先上升后降低的趋势,在授粉后24 d达到峰值。密度4.5万、6.0万、7.5万株/hm^(2)处理的弱势粒酶活性显著高于9.0万、10.5万株/hm^(2)的处理(P<0.05);施氮150、300 kg/hm^(2)的弱势粒酶活性显著高于不施氮(P<0.05)。当密度达到7.5万株/hm^(2)后,继续增加密度会显著降低弱势粒最大库活性(P<0.05);低于7.5万株/hm^(2)时,随着施氮量的增加籽粒可溶性酸性蔗糖转化酶活性逐渐升高,不施氮与施氮150、300 kg/hm^(2)差异显著(P<0.05)。同一施氮水平下,随着密度的增加单穗粒数逐渐降低,低密度与高密度差异显著(P<0.05);同一密度下,随着施氮量的增加单穗粒数显著增加,不施氮与施氮150、300 kg/hm^(2)差异显著(P<0.05)。同一施氮水平下,随着密度的增加单位面积穗粒数逐渐增加,密度4.5万、6.0万株/hm^(2)与9.0万、10.5万株/hm^(2)差异显著(P<0.05);在同一密度下,随着施氮量的增加单位面积穗粒数整体呈增加趋势。随着密度的增加果穗败育率显著增加,高密度显著高于低密度(P<0.05);增施氮肥可显著降低果穗败育率,不施氮与施氮300 kg/hm^(2)在密植条件下的果穗败育率差异显著(P<0.05)。【结论】氮肥密度互作通过调控春玉米籽粒库活性影响弱势粒果穗败育率和个体库容,且高密度影响加大;施氮肥可以改善增加密度带来的群体库容的降低。
【Objective】To clarify the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and density interaction on spring maize inferior kernels sink capacity and sink activity,in order to provide a theoretical basis for tapping the potential of spring maize yield.【Methods】With three nitrogen fertilizer amounts and five density levels,15 treatments were set up using Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335 as experimental materials.The sink activity,individual sink capacity,population sink capacity and ear abortion rate of maize inferior kernel were monitored on a regular basis.【Results】Under the interaction of nitrogen fertilizer and density,the sink activity(SAI)of spring maize inferior kernel grew first and then declined with the process of grain filling,peaking at 24 days after pollination.The enzyme activity of inferior kernel under the densities of 45000,60000 and 75000 plants/hm^(2) were significantly higher(P<0.05)than those under the densities of 90000 and 105000 plants/hm^(2).With nitrogen application of 150 and 300 kg/hm^(2),the enzyme activity of inferior kernel was significantly higher than that without nitrogen application.When planting density reached 75000 plants/hm^(2),increasing the density will significantly reduce the maximum SAI activity of inferior kernels.When planting density was less than 75000 plants/hm^(2),the SAI activity increased gradually with the increase of nitrogen application.There was significant difference(P<0.05)between no nitrogen application and nitrogen application of 150 and 300 kg/hm^(2).Under the same nitrogen application level,the number of grains per ear decreased significantly as density increased.The difference between low and high density was significant(P<0.05).Under the same density,the number of grains per ear increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application.The difference between no nitrogen application and 150 and 300 kg/hm^(2)(P<0.05)nitrogen application was significant(P<0.05).Under the same nitrogen application level,the number of grains per ear per unit area increased gradually with the increase of density.There was significant difference in the number of grains per ear per unit area between the density of 45000 and 60000 plants/hm^(2) and density of 90000 and 105000 plants/hm^(2)(P<0.05).Under the same density,the number of grains per ear per unit area rose with the increase of nitrogen application.The ear abortion rate increased significantly as the density increase.High density ear abortion rate was significantly higher than that of low density(P<0.05).Increasing nitrogen fertilizer could cut the ear abortion rate significantly.The ear abortion rate differed significantly between no nitrogen fertilizer and 300 kg/hm^(2) under high density(P<0.05).【Conclusion】By modulating grain sink activity,the nitrogen fertilizer and density interaction altered the spring maize ear abortion rate and individual sink capacity of inferior kernels.The effect was amplified under high density.The application of nitrogen fertilizer could help to mitigate the decline in population sink capacity induced by increased density.
作者
梁红伟
石海波
张静
潘天遵
侯旭光
路玉红
魏淑丽
赵晓宇
赵瑞霞
王志刚
LIANG Hongwei;SHI Haibo;ZHANG Jing;PAN Tianzun;HOU Xuguang;LU Yuhong;WEI Shuli;ZHAO Xiaoyu;ZHAO Ruixia;WANG Zhigang(Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;Horqin Left Wing Middle Banner Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Baokang 028199,China;Sijiazi Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Aohan Banner,Sijiazi Town 024326,China;College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China)
出处
《北方农业学报》
2022年第2期1-8,共8页
Journal of Northern Agriculture
基金
内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院青年创新基金项目(2018QNJJN05)
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2020GG0136)
内蒙古农牧业科技创新基金项目(2020CXJJN02)。
关键词
氮肥密度互作
春玉米
弱势粒
库容
库活性
Nitrogen fertilizer and density interaction
Spring maize
Inferior kernel
Sink capacity
Sink activity
作者简介
梁红伟(1991-),男,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事玉米育种与栽培的研究工作;通信作者:赵瑞霞(1964-),女,研究员,学士,主要从事玉米育种与栽培的研究工作;通信作者:王志刚(1983-),男,教授,博士,主要从事寒旱区作物生理生态的研究工作。
