摘要
山西新发煤矿经近40年开采其土地资源受到较为严重的破坏,人地矛盾较为突出。为了恢复煤矿地区土地生产能力和生产功能,实现土地可持续利用,土地复垦势在必行,而土地复垦适宜性评价则是土地复垦的前提和基础。结合土地复垦适宜性的评价原则,对初步复垦方向确定、评价单元划分、评价方法选择、评价指标体系确定等进行相应研究,选用矿区压占土地、沉陷土地和挖损土地为评价因子,以限制最大与适宜性等级最低为基本原则,并结合实际得出评价结果,旨在为矿区土地复垦提供参考依据。评价结果表明:对于排矸场平台为2等和边坡为3等的林地适宜区,在复垦中均需土壤重构;3等林地适宜区与沉陷区采矿用地均可复垦为有林地,沉陷区村庄用地复垦中对表层废弃土壤清理、土地平整后复垦为耕地;沉陷区其他林地为疏林地,复垦中通过补植后复垦为有林地;其余沉陷区地类考虑原有自然适宜性及公众意见等因素,后期通过各种工程措施将其恢复为原地类。
After nearly 40 years of mining in Shanxi Xinfacoal mine,land resources have been seriously damaged,and the contradiction between man and land is more prominent.In order to restore the land production capacity and production function in coal mining areas and realize the sustainable use of land,land reclamation is imperative,and the suitability evaluation of land reclamation is the premise and foundation of land reclamation.Combined with the evaluation principle of land reclamation suitability,this paper made corresponding research on the determination of preliminary reclamation direction,the division of evaluation units,the selection of evaluation methods and the determination of evaluation index system,selected the occupied land,subsidence land and excavated land in the mining area as the evaluation factors,took the maximum limit and the lowest suitability grade as the basic principle,and obtained the evaluation results in combination with the actual situation.Thus,the reference basis for land reclamation in the mining area could be provided.The evaluation results show that soil reconstruction is needed in the reclamation of suitable forest land areas with the second-class waste dump platform and the third-class slope;the mining land in grade 3 forest land suitable area and subsidence area can be reclaimed into forest land,and the village land in the subsidence area can be reclaimed into cultivated land after the surface waste soil is cleaned and the land is leveled;other woodlands in the subsidence area are sparse woodlands,which are reclaimed into woodlands after replanting;considering the original natural suitability and public opinions,the land types of other subsidence areas should restore the original land types through various engineering measures in the later stage.
作者
史江涛
徐炳建
SHI Jiangtao;XU Bingjian(Department of Earth Science and Engineering,Shanxi Institute of Technology,Yangquan 045000,China;Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Solid Waste Recycling in Mining Area,Yangquan 045000,China;No.6 Geological Exploration Branch,Shanxi the Third Geological Engineering Survey Institute,Jinzhong 030600,China)
出处
《煤质技术》
2022年第2期68-74,共7页
Coal Quality Technology
基金
山西省教育厅《应用型高校新设学科的科研团队整合建设初探》资助项目(2021L590)
山西工程技术学院课程教学改革资助项目(2021120304)。
关键词
土地复垦
适宜性评价
复垦方向
评价指标体系
土壤重构
煤矿开采
评价原则
land reclamation
suitability evaluation
reclamation direction
evaluation index system
soil reconstruction
coal mining
evaluation principle
作者简介
史江涛(1982—),男,山西阳泉人,讲师、硕士,主要从事土地复垦、沉积学等方面教学和研究,E-mail:624882011@qq.com。
