摘要
【目的】系统分析与评价我国余甘子种质资源果实的有机酸含量及品质差异,为余甘子的新品种选育、种质资源开发和精准鉴定提供理论依据。【方法】选取福建漳州与广东潮州两地16份余甘子栽培种(柴甘、甜甘、玻璃种、玻璃甘、正甜、狮头、土饼、土尖、肉甘、诏安土种1、诏安土种2、揭西种、南带甘、甜种、饼甘接和尖屁股)的成熟期果实为材料,测定其单果质量、纵径、横径、果形指数、还原糖、蔗糖、总酸、有机酸、抗坏血酸等品质指标,用主成分分析和聚类分析方法,综合评价余甘子种质资源的品质。【结果】16份余甘子果实单果质量为5.48~12.17 g,其中土饼最高;纵径为18.20~23.56 mm,横径为21.44~28.87 mm,果形指数为78.43%~88.58%,果实为扁圆形或近圆形;蛋白质含量为0.31~0.69 g/hg,以玻璃甘含量最高;水分含量为87.07~90.83 g/hg;脂肪含量为0.042~0.181 g/hg,以揭西种最高;蔗糖含量为0.127~0.650 g/hg,还原糖含量为3.72~6.37 g/hg,总糖含量为3.93~6.73 g/hg,诏安土种1的蔗糖和总糖含量均最高;总酸含量为11.16~18.27 g/kg;糖酸比为2.21%~4.81%。从16份余甘子种质资源果实中共检测到7种有机酸,平均含量从高到低依次为乙酸、乳酸、柠檬酸、草酸、苹果酸、酒石酸和富马酸,总有机酸含量为232.71~668.73 mg/hg,平均为424.04 mg/hg,且以正甜最高;抗坏血酸含量为167.11~407.76 mg/hg,以诏安土种1最高。相关性分析表明,余甘子果实抗坏血酸含量与乳酸、乙酸、富马酸等有机酸含量呈极显著正相关。主成分分析结果显示,可将5个主成分分别归类为口感因子、蛋白质因子、酸味因子1、酸度因子、酸味因子2;建立的余甘子果实品质综合评价模型可有效评价不同品种果实的品质性状。聚类分析结果显示,在平方欧氏距离=20时,可将16份余甘子种质资源分为2类,其中主成分评分较高的一类种质含有较多的糖类、抗坏血酸、乳酸、乙酸和柠檬酸等。【结论】16份余甘子种质资源果实品质表现出丰富的遗传多样性,其中诏安土种1、柴甘、正甜、狮头、尖屁股等种质的品质综合评价得分均较高,适宜作为育种亲本或保健品加工原材料加以研发。
【Objective】This study conducted systematic analysis and evaluation on organic acids and nutritional quality of Phyllanthus emblica fruit to provide basis for effective development and precise identification of P.emblica fruit.【Method】This study selected 16 cultivars of P.emblica fruit from Fujian and Guangdong including chaigan,tiangan,bolizhong,boligan,zhengtian,shitou,tubing,tujian,rougan,zhaoantuzhong 1,zhaoantuzhong 2,jiexizhong,nandaigan,tianzhong,bingganjie and jianpigu.The fruit quality indexes including single fruit weight,longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,fruit shape index,reducing sugar,sucrose,total acid,organic acid and ascorbic acid were measured and principal component analysis and cluster analysis method were used to analyze and evaluate fruit nutritional quality.【Result】The single fruit mass of P.emblica was 5.48 to 12.17 g with the highest in tubing.The longitudinal diameter was 18.20 to 23.56 mm,the transverse diameter was 21.44 to 28.87 mm,and the fruit was oblate or nearly round with shape index of 78.43%to 88.58%.Protein content was 0.31 to 0.69 g/hg with highest in boligan.Water content was 87.07 to 90.83 g/hg and fat content was 0.042 to 0.181 g/hg with the highest in jiexizhong.The sucrose content was 0.127 to 0.650 g/hg,the reducing sugar content was 3.72 to 6.37 g/hg,and the total sugar content was 3.93 to 6.73 g/hg.The variety of zhaoantuzhong 1 had the highest sucrose and total sugar contents.Total acid content was 11.16 to 18.27 g/kg and sugar-acid ratio was 2.21%to 4.81%.A total of 7 organic acids were detected in the 16 germplasm resources of P.emblica,among which contents of acetic acid,lactic acid and citric acid were relatively high.The total organic acid content was 232.71 to 668.73 mg/hg,with an average of 424.04 mg/hg.The variety of zhengtian had the highest organic acid content.The content of ascorbic acid was 167.11 to 407.76 mg/hg,with the highest in zhaoantuzhong 1.The ascorbic acid content had extremely significant relation to the performance of lactic acid,acetic acid and fumaric acid.The principal component analysis showed that 5 principal components could be named as taste factor,protein factor,sourness factor 1,acidity factor and sourness factor 2,and the established comprehensive evaluation model could effectively evaluate different fruit quality traits.Cluster analysis divided 16 germplasm resources of P.emblica into 2 types with squared Euclidean distance of 20.The category one had higher contents of sugar,ascorbic acid and organic acid than the category two.【Conclusion】The 16 germplasm resources of P.emblica exhibited rich genetic diversity in fruit quality,and varieties with high evaluation scores including zhaoantuzhong 1,chaigan,zhengtian,shitou and jianpigu were suitable as raw materials for development of health products.
作者
王建超
何银莺
刘鑫铭
沈朝贵
陈发兴
郭林榕
WANG Jianchao;HE Yinying;Liu Xinming;Shen Chaogui;CHEN Faxing;Guo Linrong(Fruit Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian 350013,China;College of Horticulture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China)
出处
《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第3期125-135,共11页
Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
福建省属公益类科研类院所基本科研专项(2019R1028-3)
国家热带植物种质资源库-余甘子种质资源分库项目(NTPGRC2021-011)
物种品种资源保护(热带作物)项目(151821301354052701)。
关键词
余甘子
种质资源
果实品质评价
主成分分析
Phyllanthus emblica
germplasm resources
quality evaluation of fruit
principal component analysis
作者简介
王建超(1988―),男,河南南阳人,研究实习员,主要从事果树生理生化研究,E-mail:447327289@qq.com;通信作者:郭林榕(1963―),女,福建福州人,副研究员,主要从事果树生理生化研究,E-mail:linrong-g@163.com。
