摘要
为提升云南省生猪养殖户的生猪生产环境效率,本研究基于云南省32个县(市、区)共211个生猪养殖户的监测数据,分析2018年云南省各监测县(市、区)不同规模生猪生产投入产出情况,并采用未考虑非期望产出和考虑非期望产出的Super-SBM模型分别对2018年云南省各监测县(市、区)不同规模生猪养殖户的生猪生产技术效率和环境效率进行测算。结果表明:相比规模养殖场而言,2018年各监测县(市、区)散养户的生猪养殖污染物排放量更大;生猪生产的用工数量和其他物质费用均随规模的增大而减少,而仔畜体重、精饲料饲喂量、主产品产量则随着规模的增大表现出先增加后减少的趋势。2018年云南省各监测县(市、区)生猪养殖户的生猪生产技术效率水平较高,平均值为0.729 8,且随着规模的扩大,生猪生产技术效率平均值呈现出明显的递增趋势;云南省昆明市宜良县中规模生猪养殖户的生猪生产技术效率水平最高,达到1.096 8;而云南省昭通市昭阳区散养户生猪生产技术效率水平在所有监测户中最低,为0.514 5。2018年云南省各监测县(市、区)不同规模生猪养殖户的生猪生产环境效率的平均值为0.763 1,各规模生猪养殖户的生猪生产环境效率平均值均高于未考虑非期望产出的生猪生产技术效率平均值,其中大规模户的效率平均值提高了0.094 4,表现最明显;考虑非期望产出后,云南省保山市隆阳区中规模户生猪生产环境效率水平最高,为1.280 7,高于未考虑非期望产出时的1.035 2。鉴于此,提出积极推进生猪绿色标准化规模生产,倡导种养结合、适度规模的山地养猪模式的对策建议。
To improve the environmental efficiency of pig production for pig farmers in Yunnan Province, this study analyzed the pig production input-output of different scales in each monitoring county(cities, districts) of Yunnan Province in 2018 based on the monitoring data of 211 pig farmers in 32 counties(cities, district) in Yunnan Province. In addition, the Super-SBM model with and without expected output was used to calculate the technical efficiency and environmental efficiency of pig production in pig farms of different sizes in each monitored county(cities, district) in Yunnan Province in 2018. The results showed that in 2018, the emissions of pig culture pollutants from range pigs in each monitored county(cities, districts) were higher compared to the scale farms. The number of pig production and other material costs decreased with the increase of scale, while the weight of piglets, the amount of refined feed and the output of main products increased first and then decreased with the increase of scale. In 2018, the production efficiency of pig farmers in monitored counties(cities, districts) in Yunnan Province was high, with an average value of 0.729 8. With the expansion of scale, the average efficiency of pig production technology showed a clear increasing trend. The pig production technical efficiency level of medium-scale pig farms in Yiliang County, Kunming City, Yunnan Province was the highest, reaching 1.096 8. The production technical efficiency level of free-range households in Zhaoyang District, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province was the lowest among all monitored households(0.514 5). In 2018, the average production environment efficiency of pigs of in pig farms of different sizes in monitored counties(cities, districts) in Yunnan Province was 0.763 1, and the average production environment efficiency of pig farms of all sizes was higher than that of pig production technology without considering the unexpected output. Among them, the average efficiency of large-scale households increased by 0.094 4, showing the most obvious performance. After considering the undesired output, Longyang District of Baoshan City, Yunnan Province had the highest production environmental efficiency of medium-scale household pigs(1.280 7), which was higher than 1.035 2 when the undesired output was not considered.In view of this, the countermeasures and suggestions were put forward to actively promote green standardized scale pig production and advocate the combination of breeding and raising and moderate scale mountain pig breeding mode.
作者
王雪娇
陈良正
李梁
WANG Xuejiao;CHEN Liangzheng;LI Liang(Agricultural Economy and Information Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China)
出处
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第4期1-5,23,共6页
Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine
基金
云南农业发展智库建设及科技管理政策研究项目(202102AE090036-15)
云南省科技厅重大专项“云南蔬菜加工现状及对策研究”(2019ZG001-4-4)
云南省科技人才和平台计划-高层次科技人才及创新团队选拔专项“中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目”(202105AC160088)
云岭学者人才专项(YNWR-YLXZ-2019-013)。
作者简介
王雪娇(1986—),女,助理研究员,博士,研究方向为农业经济理论与政策,947141329@qq.com;通信作者:李梁(1986—),男,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为农业产业经济及政策,41279627@qq.com.
