摘要
【目的】明确有机肥、微生物肥与化肥配施对阳光玫瑰葡萄果实品质和香气物质组分的影响,为选择适宜的施肥方式生产优质葡萄提供参考依据。【方法】以4年生设施栽培阳光玫瑰葡萄为试验材料,设有机肥+化肥(发酵羊粪15 000.00 kg/hm^(2)+过磷酸钙375.00 kg/hm^(2))配施(T1)、有机肥+微生物肥+化肥(发酵羊粪5527.50 kg/hm^(2)+多肽海藻复混肥900.00 kg/hm^(2)+保根120 900.00 kg/hm^(2)+过磷酸钙375.00 kg/hm^(2))配施(T2)两种基肥处理方式,以不施基肥为对照(CK),在果实成熟采收后分别测定各处理果穗穗长、穗重、产量、单果重、纵径、横径、色泽、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量和果实硬度等性状指标,并利用气相离子迁移谱(GC-IMS)分析葡萄果实的香气成分。【结果】与CK相比,T1处理和T2处理阳光玫瑰葡萄的穗形美观、果粒饱满、色泽均匀,果实可溶性固形物含量和硬度提高,可滴定酸含量降低,庚醛、壬醛、辛醛和(E)-2-庚烯醛等醛类成分相对含量降低。其中,T2处理各性状表现较突出,果穗长度、穗重、产量、单果重、纵径、横径、L^(*)、a^(*)、b^(*)、C、可溶性固形物含量和果实硬度较CK分别显著提高21.14%、55.64%、146.18%、17.19%、5.28%、4.38%、2.95%、10.19%、10.64%、9.57%、10.60%和14.88%(P<0.05,下同),可滴定酸含量显著降低26.74%。T1处理和T2处理果实的单萜类物质特征香气芳樟醇含量均低于CK,但具有果香味的乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯和正己醇相对含量明显提高,果实的果香味更浓郁。【结论】有机肥+化肥和有机肥+微生物肥+化肥作基肥的施肥方式均可明显提高阳光玫瑰葡萄果实产量和品质,特别是发酵羊粪5527.50 kg/hm^(2)+多肽海藻复混肥900.00 kg/hm^(2)+保根120 900.00 kg/hm^(2)+过磷酸钙375.00 kg/hm^(2)配施更有利于果实香气物质提升,果实品质得到进一步提高,可供广西葡萄种植区参考应用。
【Objective】The effects of combined application of organic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on fruit quality and aroma components of Shine Muscat grape were analyzed, in order to provide a reference basis for selecting appropriate fertilization methods to produce high-quality grapes.【Method】Four-year and facilities cultivation of Shine Muscat grape was selected as the research object, two base fertilizer treatments were set, including T1:Organic fertilizer+chemical fertilizer(fermented sheep manure 15 000.00 kg/hm^(2)combined with calcium superphosphate 375.00 kg/hm^(2)),T2:Organic fertilizer +microbial fertilizer+chemical fertilizer(fermented sheep manure 5527.50 kg/hm^(2)+polypeptide algae compound fertilizer 900.00 kg/hm^(2)+baogen 120 900.00 kg/hm^(2)+ superphosphate 375.00 kg/hm^(2)),with no fertilization as control(CK). The spike length, cluster weight, yield, individual fruit weight, longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, color, soluble solid content, titratable acid content and fruit firmness were measured after fruit ripening and harvest, and the aroma components of fruit were analyzed by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy(GC-IMS).【Result】Compared with the control, T1 and T2 treatments had beautiful ear shape, full fruit grains and uniform color, the soluble solid content and hardness of fruit increased, titratable acid content was decreased. The relative contents of heptanal, nonanal, octanal and(E)-2-heptenal in fruits was decreased. Among them, T2 treatment is more prominent, the statistical data showed that compared with the control, the spike length, cluster weight, yield, average berry weight, longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, L^(*),a^(*),b^(*),C,color, soluble solid content and fruit firmness increased by 21.14%,55.64%,146.18%,17.19%,5.28%,4.38%,2.95%,10.19%,10.64%,9.57%,10.60% and 14.88%,respectively, the content of titratable acid decreased by 26.74%. The characteristic aroma linalool content of monoterpenoids in T1 and T2 fruits was lower than CK. However, the relative contents of ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and 1-hexanol with fruit flavor were greatly increased, make the fruit aroma more intense.【Conclusion】Organic fertilizer+chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer+microbial fertilizer+chemical fertilizer as base fertilizer can improve the fruit yield and quality of sunshine rose grapes, especially polypeptide algae compound fertilizer 900.00 kg/hm^(2)+baogen 120 900.00 kg/hm^(2)+sheep manure 5527.50 kg/hm^(2)+superphosphate 375.00 kg/hm^(2)is helpful to improve the quality of grape fruit and the synthesis of aroma substances. The fruit quality has been further improved and can be used for reference in Guangxi grape planting area.
作者
谢蜀豫
曹慕明
黄秋凤
李玮
张劲
黄羽
管敬喜
黄竟
黄灿
陈立
谢林君
陈国品
XIE Shu-yu;CAO Mu-ming;HUANG Qiu-feng;LI Wei;ZHANG Jin;HUANG Yu;GUAN Jing-xi;HUANG Jing;HUANG Can;CHEN Li;XIE Lin-jun;CHEN Guo-pin(Viticulture and Wine Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;Agricultural College,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期153-161,共9页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
广西科技重大专项(桂科AA19254007)
广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB18221037,桂科AB18221077,桂科AB19245007)
广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT130)。
关键词
阳光玫瑰葡萄
有机肥
微生物肥
化肥
果实品质
香气物质
Shine Muscat grape
Organic fertilizer
Ricrobial fertilizer
Chemical fertilizer
Fruit quality
Aromatic component
作者简介
第一作者:谢蜀豫(1985-),女,硕士,助理研究员,主要从事果树栽培与生理研究工作。E-mail:able0416@foxmail.com;通讯作者:陈国品(1978-),男,副研究员,主要从事玉米遗传育种研究。E-mail:gpchen9821@163.com。
