摘要
《试差事宜》系晚清重臣翁心存为指导其长子翁同书主持直省乡试所作。文章的主要内容是传授科场经验,提醒儿子:在恪守《钦定科场条例》的前提下,要适当顺应当地惯例,同其他人以礼相处,尤其是自己的同伴;更要在拟题、录取过程中避免出现差错,甚至要使用各种手段以规避磨勘等。这些科场经验不仅能够印证清代直省乡试制度,重现清代道咸之间直省乡试在《钦定科场条例》规定下的实际运作情形,还能够使人们从琐屑细碎的文字中窥见许多“他人不道、他书不载”的内容,如严密的科举制度下直省乡试考官的闱事办理、日常生活及独特心理等方面的具体情况。这些内容对研究科举时期的考试管理具有不可替代的价值。
The late Qing Dynasty Minister Weng Xincun’s articles of Matters Concerned with the Provincial Examination for Chief Examiners,written to his eldest son Weng Tongshu,who would be selected as the chief examiner of provincial examination,have unique significance for examination management.The main contents of the articles were experiences of presiding over provincial examination to remind his son:to adhere to examination regulations,to comply with local practices appropriately,to get along courteously with others,especially with the companion,and to be careful not to make mistakes in the process of working out examination questions,recruiting of suitable candidates,as well as to avoid the System of Auditing Examination Papers of Imperial Court by various technical means.On the one hand,these experiences can be used as evidence for the imperial examination system in Qing Dynasty to present the actual situation of the provincial examination stipulated by the imperial examination system in the late Qing Dynasty.On the other hand,they show some specific facts that were not said or recorded in other literature through trivial statements,having irreplaceable significance for promoting examination management studies.
作者
张延昭
ZHANG Yanzhao(Zhengzhou Normal University,Zhengzhou 450044,China)
出处
《中国考试》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期72-85,共14页
journal of China Examinations
关键词
科举考试
晚清科举制度
《试差事宜》
翁心存
直省乡试
考试管理
imperial examination
system of imperial examination of late Qing Dynasty
Matters Concerned with the Provincial Examination for Chief Examiners
Weng Xincun
provincial examination
examination management
作者简介
张延昭(1966—),男,郑州师范学院特殊教育学院副教授。
