摘要
蔬菜废弃物是富含有机质和氮磷养分的潜在有机肥资源,然而高木质纤维素含量制约了堆肥进程,添加鸡粪可加快木质纤维素的降解,而目前关于鸡粪添加量对蔬菜废弃物堆肥过程中腐殖化的影响尚不清楚。本文以黄化干枯后的甜瓜秧为原料(对照, CK),添加不同比例鸡粪(25%、50%)进行高温好氧堆肥,通过分析堆肥过程中的温度、碳氮变化、木质纤维素、腐殖质及种子发芽指数等指标,解析鸡粪活性物质添加对蔬菜废弃物堆肥过程中木质纤维素降解及腐殖化过程的影响。结果表明,鸡粪添加提高了初始物料活性碳氮(可溶性有机碳和可溶性氮)含量,加速堆肥升温并延长了堆肥高温期时间。50%鸡粪添加(CM50)显著促进了有机质和木质纤维素降解,较CK有机质和木质纤维素降解率分别提高18.5%和16.9%,但腐殖酸含量并无明显提高;适量鸡粪添加(25%)可有效促进腐殖酸的生成,其含量较CK和CM50处理分别提高56.7%和48.6%。多种腐熟指标表明,添加25%鸡粪处理腐熟程度最高,其腐殖化指数、聚合度、发芽指数分别为14%、3.5和83%。冗余分析(RDA)表明,可溶性有机碳、木质纤维素、富里酸的降解及腐殖酸的形成是促进堆肥腐熟的关键因素。因此,鸡粪添加可显著促进蔬菜废弃物中木制纤维素的降解,然而过量鸡粪添加会导致木质纤维素被完全矿化而损失,不利于腐殖酸的形成。适量添加鸡粪是加快蔬菜废弃物堆肥过程中木质纤维素降解并促成腐殖酸形成的关键。研究结果可为蔬菜废弃物堆肥工业化生产提供理论依据。
In the process of vegetable production and processing,a lot of wastes are produced.Vegetable waste is a potential organic fertilizer source,rich in organic matter,nitrogen,and phosphorus nutrients,and composting is an important way to realize vegetable wastes utilization.However,the high lignocellulose content restricts the composting process,and the addition of chicken manure can accelerate lignocellulose degradation.However,the effect of the chicken manure on the humification of vegetable wastes in the composting process is still unclear.It is necessary to investigate the effects of chicken manure on lignocellulose degradation and humification during vegetable waste composting.The yellowed and dried melon vines were used as raw material (CK),and different proportions of chicken manure (25%,50%) were added for aerobic composting.By analyzing the temperature,carbon and nitrogen changes,lignocellulose,humus,and seed germination index in the composting process,the effects of active substances added from chicken manure on lignocellulosic degradation and humification in the composting process of vegetable wastes were discussed.The results showed that the addition of chicken manure increased the content of active carbon and nitrogen (dissolved organic carbon and soluble nitrogen) of the initial materials,accelerated the temperature rise of the compost,and prolonged the high-temperature period of composting.The addition of 25%(CM25) and 50%(CM50) chicken manure promoted the degradation of lignocellulose and organic matter,with the highest degradation rates of lignocellulose reaching 61%and 69%,and those of total organic matter reaching 53%and64%,respectively.The ideal addition of chicken manure (25%) effectively promoted the generation of humic acid,and the content of humic acid in CM25 treatment increased by 56.7%and 48.6%compared with CK and CM50 treatment,respectively.Interestingly,the CM50 treatment significantly promoted the degradation of organic matter and lignocellulose,and the degradation rates of organic matter and lignocellulose increased by 18.5%and 16.9%,respectively,compared with CK.However,the humic acid content was not significantly increased when the addition dosage of chicken manure increased to 50%since the lignocellulose tended to be completely degraded to CO;.The results showed that treatment with 25%chicken manure had achieved the best performance on maturity parameters,the humification index,degree of polymerization,and germination index reached 14%,3.5,and 83%,respectively.RDA analysis showed that the degradation of soluble organic carbon,lignocellulose,fulvic acid,and the formation of humic acid were the key factors to promote compost maturity.Therefore,the addition of chicken manure could significantly promote the degradation of lignocellulose in vegetable wastes.However,adding excessive amount of chicken manure lead to the complete degradation of lignocellulose and mineralization and CO;emissions,which is not conducive to humic acid formation.Appropriate addition of chicken manure is the key to accelerating the lignocellulosic degradation and promoting the formation of humic acid in the composting process of melon straw.The results can provide a theoretical basis for industrial production.
作者
张陆
曹玉博
王惟帅
张新媛
王选
姚培清
刘双
王红
马林
ZHANG Lu;CAO Yubo;WANG Weishuai;ZHANG Xinyuan;WANG Xuan;YAO Peiqing;LIU Shuang;WANG Hong;MA Lin(Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050022,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Qingxian Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Cangzhou 062650,China;Hebei Provincial Animal Husbandry Station,Shijiazhuang 050030,China;Xiong’an Innovation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xiong’an 071700,China)
出处
《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期258-267,共10页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
河北省重点研发计划项目(20373806D,20327301D,19227305D)
中国科学院STS项目(KFJ-STS-QYZD-160)
中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2021095)
河北省现代农业产业技术体系奶牛产业创新团队项目(HBCT2018120206)
河北省现代农业产业技术体系蛋肉鸡产业创新团队项目(HBCT2018150209)资助。
关键词
堆肥
蔬菜废弃物
鸡粪
木质纤维素
腐殖化
腐熟
Composting
Vegetable waste
Chicken manure
Lignocellulose
Humification
Maturity
作者简介
通信作者:马林,主要从事农业生态学和养分管理研究。E-mail:malin1979@sjziam.ac.cn;张陆,主要从事农业生态学研究。E-mail:164192510@qq.com。
