摘要
沙米是流动沙丘的先锋植物,生态适应性强,种子营养丰富,具有多方面的应用价值。为明确沙米种子营养组成和开发利用价值,本研究比较了沙米和7种作物种子的淀粉、蛋白质和粗脂肪等营养成分含量,以及Mg、K、Ca、Fe、Mn、Zn 6种微量元素含量,测定了沙米粉的超微结构、持水力、溶解度、堆积密度、休止角和滑落角等物理特性。结果表明:沙米种子的淀粉和支链淀粉含量分别为307.46 mg·g^(-1)和185.45 mg·g^(-1),显著低于供试的水稻、小麦等7种作物,其直链淀粉含量为103.61 mg·g^(-1),与供试7种作物的含量差异较小;沙米种子蛋白质含量为107.42 mg·g^(-1),与小麦、糜子、燕麦无显著差异,显著高于水稻、糯米和黄米;沙米种子可溶性糖的含量为4.04 mg·g^(-1),显著低于供试的7种作物;沙米种子粗脂肪含量为54.93 mg·g^(-1),显著低于糜子、燕麦、水稻、小麦、荞麦;沙米种子富含Mg、K、Ca、Fe、Mn、Zn等微量元素,Ca含量达到0.229 mg·g^(-1),显著高于糜子、黄米、糯米和燕麦;Fe含量为30.650 mg·kg^(-1),显著高于黄米、糯米;Zn含量为15.735 mg·kg^(-1),显著高于水稻、黄米和糯米。沙米淀粉粒为1~2μm。沙米粉的持水力和溶解度分别为8.41%±0.99%和18.45%±0.02%;沙米粉的堆积密度为0.41 g·mL^(-1)±0.03 g·mL^(-1),休止角和滑落角分别为62.45°±2.43°和47.86°±5.73°。研究结果表明沙米种子营养丰富,具有较大的开发潜力,为开展沙米深加工利用奠定理论依据。
Agriophyllum squarrosum is a pioneer plant of mobile dune,with strong ecological adaptability,rich seeds nutrition,and a variety of application value.To clear the concentration of microelement in seeds of Agriophyllum squarrosum,this study compared the content of nutrients between seeds of Agriophyllum squarrosum and 7 kinds of crops.The physical properties such as ultrastructure,water-retaining capability,solubility,bulk density,angle of repose and slip angle of the Agriophyllum squarrosum flour were determined.The results showed that the content of starch and amylopectin in Agriophyllum squarrosum seeds was 307.46 mg·g^(-1)and 185.45 mg·g^(-1),which was significantly lower than that in rice and wheat and other 7 crops tested.Amylose content of 103.61 mg·g^(-1)was slightly different from 7 tested crops.The protein content of Agriophyllum squarrosum seed was 107.42 mg·g^(-1),which was not significantly different from that of wheat,prosomillet and oat,but higher than that of rice,sticky rice and glulinous millet.The content of soluble sugar in Agriophyllum squarrosum seeds was 4.04 mg·g^(-1),which was significantly lower than 7 tested crops.The crude fat content of Agriophyllum squarrosum seed was 54.93 mg·g^(-1),which was significantly lower than that of prosomillet,oat,rice,wheat and buckwheat.The seeds of Agriophyllum squarrosum rich in Mg,K,Ca,Fe,Mn,Zn.The content of Ca is 0.229 mg·g^(-1),significantly higher than prosomillet,glulinous millet,sticky rice and oat.The content of Fe is 30.650 mg·kg^(-1),significantly higher than glulinous millet and sticky rice.The content of Zn is 15.735 mg·kg^(-1),is significantly higher than rice,glulinous millet and sticky rice.The starch grains of Agriophyllum squarrosum are 1~2μm.The water-retaining capability and solubility of Agriophyllum squarrosum flour were 8.41±0.99%and 18.45±0.02,respectively.The bulk density of Agriophyllum squarrosum flour was 0.41±0.03 g·mL^(-1),and the angle of repose and slip angle were 62.45±2.43 and 47.86±5.73.The results showed that the seeds of Agriophyllum squarrosum were rich in nutrition and had great potential to develop the physical properties of Agriophyllum squarrosum flour which laid a theoretical basis for the further processing and utilization of Agriophyllum squarrosum.
作者
聂峰杰
甘晓燕
张丽
巩檑
刘璇
杨文静
宋玉霞
Nie Fengjie;Gan Xiaoyan;Zhang Li;Gong Lei;Liu Xuan;Yang Wenjing;Song Yuxia(Agricultural Biotechnology Centre,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002)
出处
《宁夏农林科技》
2021年第9期47-51,共5页
Journal of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology
基金
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划重大项目“特色沙生植物资源挖掘与开发利用(2018BEG02011)”
宁夏回族自治区农业科技自主创新资金“十四五”全产业链创新示范项目“特色资源植物利用与沙产业技术研发”。
关键词
沙米
营养成分
微量元素
沙米粉
物理特性
Agriophyllum squarrosum
Nutrient
Microelement
Agriophyllum squarrosum flour
Physical characteristics
作者简介
聂峰杰(1985-),女,甘肃武威人,硕士研究生,助理研究员,研究方向为植物生物技术育种;通信作者:宋玉霞,女,研究员,主要从事植物生物技术育种研究。
