摘要
高校是国家创新体系的重要组成部分,存有丰富的专利资源,专利运营对促进高校科技成果转化为实际生产力具有重要意义。专利转让是专利运营的一种重要方式,探讨高校专利转让是否存在地区差异,分析地方政府及高校促进专利转让的相关政策及制度,对促进我国高校专利转化、“盘活”高校现有专利资源具有重要意义。基于IncoPat平台检索中国内地31省市高校发明专利转让数据,发现不同地区间高校发明专利转让数量存在差异;运用聚类分析法将中国内地31省市划分为4个类别,并对前3类地区技术优势进行分析,探讨发明专利转让效果显著省市及高校出台的相关政策。结果发现,江苏在不同技术领域均具有明显优势且高校发明专利转让总量位居全国第一,清华大学与上海交通大学发明专利转让数量分别位居全国第一、第二;各级地方政府及相关部门虽然出台政策对高校专利转让进行宏观指导,但高校需要结合自身实际情况制定更加具体、系统化的政策促进高校专利转让。
In the national innovation system,colleges and universities are very important components with abundant patent resources.Patent transformation is vital for universities to support the national innovative construction and ensure the sustainable development of China's industry.However,the patent conversion rate of most universities is low,and the existing patent achievements cannot be transformed into practical productivity.In recent years,the research on patent transformation in colleges and universities mainly focuses on the existing problems of patent operation and patent operation mode.Patent transfer is an important way of patent operation.It is of great practical and theoretical significance to explore whether there are regional differences in patent transfer in universities and analyze relevant systems and policies of local governments and universities to promote patent transfer in China.Based on the data of invention patent transfer of universities in 31 provinces and cities retrieved from IncoPat platform,this study mainly adopts systematic clustering method to conduct cluster analysis on patent transfer of universities in 31 provinces and cities.By classifying and identifying regional differences,the patent transfer of universities in 31 provinces and cities is divided into four types.The calculation process is as follows.The number of transfer of invention patents in colleges and universities is taken as the clustering index;Euclidean distance was used to measure the distance between samples of 31 provinces and cities.The mean connection method between groups was used to calculate the distance between classes and classify the samples.Among them,Jiangsu province is in the first class,and the number of transfer of invention patents in colleges and universities in only one province has reached 21.09%.In order to further explore the differences of patent transfer policies,this paper focuses on sorting out the policies of provinces and universities with outstanding patent transfer achievements.In recent years,the state has issued a number of policies to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities.The number of relevant policies issued by Jiangsu province is the largest.In the implementation of central documents,Jiangsu province has issued a more suitable intellectual property operation policy which can support and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements by means of patent transfer in universities in this province.The policies formulated by colleges and universities to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements are more specific and feasible.Patent transfer numbers of Tsinghua university and Shanghai Jiaotong University were among the first.Relevant patent transfer policies have important reference value for other colleges and universities,though not specifically formulated for the two universities.The policies are beneficial to the whole process of transformation of scientific and technological achievements,including patent transfer or important issues for the specification.Based on the experience of Jiangsu Province,Tsinghua University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University,local governments and relevant departments need to formulate policies to provide macro guidance for the transformation process of scientific and technological achievements such as patent transfer.Colleges and universities should formulate systematic policies to promote patent transfer according to their own reality.
作者
栾春娟
李宇婧
Luan Chunjuan;Li Yujing(School of Intellectual Property, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China)
出处
《科技进步与对策》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第2期11-19,共9页
Science & Technology Progress and Policy
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(71774020,71473028)。
关键词
高校专利
专利运营
专利转让
地域差异
科技成果转化政策
Patent of Universities
Patent Operations
Patent Transfer
Regional Differences
Policy for the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements
作者简介
栾春娟(1969-),女,辽宁大连人,博士,大连理工大学知识产权学院教授、博士生导师,研究方向为知识产权与技术测度;李宇婧(1996-),女,甘肃天水人,大连理工大学知识产权学院硕士研究生,研究方向为技术创新与知识产权管理。
