摘要
比较文学是一个开放型的学科,但是也有一定的入门要求和操作规则,简单概括即语言、文本、问题和方法。首先,外语是比较文学研究的生命线,掌握一门外语是一名比较文学研究者的基本素质和要求。其次是文本:在经典文本与核心文本之外,比较文学学者还应注意"副文学文本"以及种种话语-权力关系交织而成的"大书"或"超文本"。第三是问题意识:比较文学研究需要思想的贯注和引领,但这并不意味着比较文学等同于思想史,事实上文学研究要谨防成为"时代精神"的传声筒和任何权力话语的同谋。最后是方法:比较文学本身是一门方法论,但比较不是目的,而应指向切己的问题,即具体的问题研究,而非外来和时髦理论的炫耀性消费。
As an open academic discipline of the modern world,comparative literature can be compared to a quadriga driven by language,text,problem,and method.A comparative literature student is supposed to master at least one foreign language,which will enable him/her to visit another historical cultural space-time.For this purpose,classical texts and primary sources apart are indispensable;additionally,due attention should be paid to subtexts and intertexts.One’s research should be question-based,i.e.,aimed at a particular research question,and in order to solve the question,it is necessary to develop a sense of history.Seen in this light,method(Greek "■",originally "going along with") is more than a one-off application of "instrumental rationality";it is rather a way of discovering the(ever-hidden) truth.Comparison therefore is not an end in itself,but a life-practice which entails and promises "knowing thyself".
出处
《中国比较文学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第4期189-194,共6页
Comparative Literature in China
关键词
比较文学研究
语言
文本
问题
方法
comparative literature
language
text
problem
method
作者简介
张沛,北京大学比较文学与比较文化研究所教授。研究方向:比较诗学。电子邮箱:hinayana@163.com。
