摘要
《管子·幼官》和银雀山汉简《三十时》皆记载了一种以十二日为一时、一年为三十时的时令,这与传统的二十四节气不同,属于五行历系统,带有鲜明的齐地特色。三十时划分时节的依据是气在一年内的消息变化,其测时方法主要有以律候气、考察星象和测量日影,纪时方法是用干支纪日。在战国时期四时原则被普遍遵循的背景下,三十时呈现出由五行历向四时历转变的发展趋势。在汉初太初历颁布后,三十时因与农事节律不一致,以及与全年时长、十二个月等多方面的矛盾无法调和,最终被二十四节气所取代。
The handed-down literature Youguan of Guanzi and the excavated literature Thirty Solar Terms in the Han Bamboo Slips from Mount Yinque all record a calendar with 12 days as one solar term and 30 solar terms in one year,which is different from the traditional calendar with 24 solar terms in one year.It belongs to the five elements calendar system,and shows distinct characteristics of Qi culture.This calendar divides solar terms according to the change of gas in a year,determines time by observing gas through pitch pipe,exploring the stars and measuring the shadow of the sun,records the day using the system of stems and branches.Under the background that the four seasons principle was generally followed in the warring States period,thirty solar terms showed the trend of changing from the five elements calendar to the four seasons calendar.After the promulgation of Taichu calendar in the early Han dynasty,thirty solar terms were finally replaced by the twenty-four solar terms,due to the inconsistent with the rhythm of farming,and the contradictions with the whole year’s duration and twelve months.
出处
《文史哲》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第5期108-119,167,共13页
Literature,History,and Philosophy
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题“稷下学派文献整理与数据库建设研究”(19JZD011)
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地齐鲁文化研究院十四五规划项目“银雀山汉简《阴阳时令占候之类》文献整理与研究”的阶段性成果。
作者简介
刘爱敏,山东师范大学齐鲁文化研究院副教授(山东济南250014)。
