摘要
为了探明咖啡适宜的施肥量,在云南省普洱市思茅区白腊河咖啡基地开展了3年的施肥试验,设5个施肥水平处理,分别为常规施肥量的25%(T1)和常规施肥量的50%(T2)、当地常规施肥(T3)、常规施肥量的150%(T4)和常规施肥量的175%(T5)。结果表明,除2020年T3产量稍低于T2外,随施肥量的增加,从T1到T4产量呈增加趋势,但T2、T5产量与T3差异不显著;随着施肥量的增加,咖啡植株叶片氮平衡指数、叶绿素含量显著增加,株高、冠幅、茎粗T5高于T1。枯枝率、死亡率最高的为T1;土壤速效钾、有机质、土壤容重、碱解氮含量随施肥量增加而增加,其中土壤速效钾含量T5显著高于T2,有机质、有效磷及碱解氮含量在不同处理间不显著。进一步研究发现,经济有效的最低施肥量为T2,获取高产的施肥量是T4。同时,试验地速效钾含量较为丰富,速效磷在适宜范围,碱解氮和有机质含量偏低,建议生产上少量多次施用氮肥或使用包膜缓控肥氮肥,以减少氮肥损失,增施有机肥、适当减少钾肥施用并补充钙镁肥。
In order to find out the appropriate fertilizing amount for coffee,a three-year fertilization experiment was carried out in Bailahe Coffee Base,Simao District,Pu'er City,Yunnan Province.Five fertilization levels were set,which were 25%(T1)and 50%(T2)of the conventional fertilizing amount,local conventional fertilization(T3),150%(T4)and 175%(T5)of the conventional fertilizing amount.The results showed that except that the yield of T3 was slightly lower than that of T2 in 2020,the yield increased from T1 to T4 with the increase of fertilizing amount;but the yield of T2 and T5 was not significantly different from T3.With the increase of fertilizing amount,the leaf nitrogen balance index and chlorophyll content of coffee plants increased significantly;and the plant height,crown width and stem diameter of T5 were higher than those of T1.T1 had the highest dead branch rate and mortality rate.The contents of soil available potassium,organic matter,soil bulk density and alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen increased with the increase of fertilizing amount.The content of soil available potassium of T5 was significantly higher than that of T2.The increase of organic matter,available phosphorus and alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen was not significant.Further study found that the minimum economic and effective fertilizing amount was T2,and the fertilizing amount for obtaining high yield was T4.At the same time,the content of available potassium was relatively rich in the experimental field;the content of available phosphorus was in the appropriate range;the content of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and organic matter was low.It was recommended to apply a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer for many times or use coated slowly controlled nitrogen fertilizer in production,so as to reduce the loss of nitrogen fertilizer,increase the application of organic fertilizer,appropriately reduce the application of potassium fertilizer and supplement calcium and magnesium fertilizer.
作者
莫浩
董云萍
赵青云
龙宇宙
林兴军
莫丽珍
MO Hao;DONG Yunping;ZHAO Qingyun;LONG Yuzhou;LIN Xingjun;MO Lizhen(Spice and Beverage Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops,Wanning 571533,Hainan;Tropical Crops College,Yunnan Agricultural University,Pu'er 665099,Yunnan)
出处
《中国热带农业》
2021年第5期69-74,6,共7页
China Tropical Agriculture
基金
中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费项目(No.1630142017002)
云南省重大科技专项(No.2018ZG015)。
关键词
小粒咖啡
施肥量
土壤养分
生长量
Coffea arabica L.
fertilizing amount
soil nutrient
growth
作者简介
莫浩(1998—),男,主要研究方向为热带作物栽培技术。E-mail:1874780405@qq.com;通信作者:董云萍,研究员,主要研究方向为咖啡选育种及高效栽培。E-mail:dongyunping@qq.com。
