牧民对旱灾的适应策略及其政策启示--基于内蒙古锡林郭勒盟的案例研究被引量：5

Herdsmen’s Adaptation Strategy to Drought and Its Policy Enlightenment:Case Study Based on Xilin Gol League,Inner Mongolia

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摘要随着近30年牧区社会经济环境的变化,草原畜牧业灾害适应行为也发生了显著变化。当前内蒙古锡林郭勒盟牧户旱灾适应策略主要有购买饲草料、走场、出售牲畜、育肥及贷款和借款。这些策略实际上以“牧户尺度抗灾”和“依赖市场”为核心,与传统的以“大尺度移动抗灾”和“互惠”为核心的适应方式形成对比。从适应效果看,两种适应策略均有效减少了牲畜死亡损失,维持了牧户家庭的牲畜规模。从经济层面看,牧户尺度抗灾是一种高成本的选择,尤其在连续或较大灾害面前,单个牧户的脆弱性较高。从生态层面看,牧户尺度抗灾与草原生态系统的整体性相悖。如今灾害应对策略增加了牧民的经济压力和草场生态压力,给草场“社会-生态”系统造成了潜在隐患。 With the changes of social and economic environment in pastoral areas in recent 30 years,the disaster adaptation behavior of grassland animal husbandry has changed significantly.The research in Xilin Gol League,Inner Mongolia found that the current drought adaptation strategies of herdsmen mainly include purchasing forage,walking,selling livestock,fatteningand loans.These strategies actually take“herdsman scale disaster resistance”and“market dependence”as the core,in contrast to the traditional adaptation methods with“large-scale mobile disaster resistance”and“reciprocity”as the core.From the perspective of adaptation effect,the two adaptation strategies have effectively reduced the death loss of livestock and maintained the livestock scale of herdsman families.From the economic perspective,the herdsman scale disaster resistance is a high-cost choice,especially in the face of continuous disasters or major disasters,the vulnerability of a single herdsman is very high.From the ecological level,the herdsman scale disaster resistance is contrary to the integrity of grassland ecosystem.Nowadays,the disaster response strategy has increased the economic pressure of herdsmen and the ecological pressure of grassland,which has caused potential hidden dangers to the“social ecological”system of grassland.

作者范明明 FAN Ming-ming(Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所

出处《北方民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》 CSSCI 北大核心 2021年第5期58-68,共11页 Journal of North Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基金国家社会科学基金项目“基于牧民分化和生态补偿的传统牧区乡村振兴路径选择研究”(19CMZ045)。

关键词灾害适应策略牧区社会生态系统 Disaster Adaptation Strategies Pastoral Areas Social Ecosystem

分类号 C95 [社会学—民族学]

作者简介范明明(1985-),女,河北任丘人,中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所助理研究员,博士,主要从事自然资源管理研究。