摘要
监牧是唐代统治者设立的官营养马机构,其发展经历了三个阶段:唐初兴起、高武时期衰微和唐中后期提振。唐初获得突厥战马和隋代遗马是有迹可循的,其时间早于贞观,再于陇右地区广开监牧蕃马。高武时期,永隆夏州失马与垂拱后耗马都是监牧颓然的表现,主要与突厥寇边、平定叛乱、政局变化等背景有关。玄宗时重振马政,使马数稍复;而安史之乱与吐蕃入侵,导致陇右的监牧尽废;唐中后期仍营建了六个监牧,大多存在时间不长,其置废都有一定的现实原因,也暴露出监牧延续过程中的多种矛盾与阻碍。虽然唐代监牧置废发展曲折,但唐王朝始终设立官营的马匹生产部门,显示了朝廷对战备资源的需求及其背后隐含的政治变迁。
The development of ranch management,which was set up by the rulers of the Tang Dynasty,experienced three stages:the rise in the early Tang Dynasty,the decline in the Gaowu period and the boost in the middle and late Tang Dynasty.In the early Tang Dynasty,the Turkic war horse and the Sui Dynasty horse were obtained,which was earlier than Zhenguan,and then in Longyou area,ranch management was widely established for raising horses.During the period of Gaowu,the loss of horses in Xiazhou of Yonglong and the loss of horses after Chuigong were both the decaying manifestations of ranch management,which were mainly related to the background of the Turkic border invasion,the pacification of rebellion,and the change of political situation.In the period of Emperor Xuanzong reign,the horse administration was revived and the number of horses recovered slightly.However,An-Shi rebellion and the invasion of Tibet led to the disrepair of ranch management in Longyou.In the middle and late Tang Dynasty,six ranch management were still built,most of which existed for a short time.There were some practical reasons for the rise and fall,which also exposed a variety of contradictions and obstacles in the process of ranch management.Although there were twists and turns in the rise and fall of ranch management in Tang Dynasty,the official horse production department was always established,which showed the court’s demand for war preparation resources and the political changes behind it.
出处
《农业考古》
北大核心
2021年第4期182-187,共6页
Agricultural Archaeology
关键词
唐代
监牧
马政
安史之乱
飞龙使
Tang Dynasty
ranch management
horse administration
An-Shi Rebellion
Feilong envoys
作者简介
张林君,女,扬州大学社会发展学院博士研究生,研究方向为畜牧史。
