摘要
《遵义府志·俗语》是辑录晚清遵义地区方言词汇的历史文献,书中所存三百余条音注材料,记录了当时遵义一带的方音特点:声母方面,知庄章三组声母已经合流;知系字与精组字互注,合流趋势是读精组音;部分浊声母字清化;泥来二母出现互注;部分古次清声母与不送气清音声母互注;韵母方面,深臻摄字与曾梗摄字互注,合流趋势是[-η]>[-n];咸山二摄字合流,读[-n]音;声调方面,古入声字与平上去三声互注,入声尚未稳定地归入阳平;古全浊、次浊上声字归入去声。这些语音现象及特点,能够得到当时黔北民间契约文书语音材料的印证,共同反映了19世纪黔北方言的语音特点。
Zunyi Fuzhi·Suyu(遵义府志·俗语) is a historical document that collects the dialect vocabularies of Zunyi(遵义) in late Qing(清) dynasty. There are more than 300 phonetic notes in the book, which record the phonetic characteristics of Zunyi(遵义) at that time. In initials, characters of initials Zhi(知)group were converged with initials Zhuang(庄)and Zhang(章)groups;sounds of initials Zhi(知)and Jing(精)groups that were mutually phonetic were pronounced as initials Jing(精)group;Part of the voiced initial characters was voiceless;initials Ni(泥)and Lai(来)groups were mutually phonetic. Some ancient aspirated and unaspirated voiceless initials were mutually phonetic. In finals, Shen(深) Zhen(臻) and Zeng(曾) Geng(梗) groups were mutually phonetic, and the trend was [-?]>[-n];Xian(咸) and Shan(山) groups were pronounced as [-n];In tones, ancient Rusheng(入声) and the other three rhyme-groups were mutually phonetic, and it had not been stably pronounced as Yangping(阳平);Rusheng(入声) of the ancient voiced obstruents and sonorants were pronounced as Qusheng(去声). These phonetic phenomena and characteristics can be confirmed by the phonetic materials of the folk contract documents in the northern Guizhou(贵州) at that time, which jointly reflect the phonetic characteristics of the northern Guizhou(贵州) dialects in the 19th century.
作者
史光辉
SHI Guang-hui(College of Humanities,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121,China)
出处
《语言研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第3期1-6,共6页
Studies in Language and Linguistics
基金
贵州省哲学社会科学规划文化单列课题“贵州方言词典编撰”(18GZZB28)。
关键词
《俗语》
黔北
方音
Zumyi Fuzhi·Suyu(遵义府志·俗语)
Northern Guizhou(贵州)
Dialect pronunciation
作者简介
史光辉,男(仡佬族),1974年生,贵州遵义人,博士,教授,研究方向为汉语词汇史、文献语言学等。
