摘要
The nautical chart is one of the fundamental tools in navigation used by mariners to plan and safely execute voyages.Its compilation follows strict cartographic constraints with the most prominent being that of the safety.Thereby,the cartographer is called to make the selection of the bathymetric information for portrayal on charts in a way that,at any location,the expected water depth is not deeper than the source information.To validate the shoal-biased pattern of selection two standard tests are used,i.e.the triangle and edge tests.To date,some efforts have been made towards the automation of the triangle test,but the edge test has been largely ignored.In the context of research on a fully automated solution for the compilation of charts at different scales from the source information,this paper presents an algorithmic implementation of the two tests for the validation of selected soundings.Through a case study with real-world data,it presents the improved performance of the implementation near and within depth curves and coastlines and points out the importance of the edge test in the validation process.It also presents the,by definition,intrinsic limitation of the two tests as part of a fully automated solution and discusses the need for a new test that will complement or supersede the existing ones.
基金
This work is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration[grant number NA15NOS4000200].
作者简介
Christos Kastrisios is a research scientist with the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping/University of New Hampshire.He received his PhD in Cartography from the National Technical University of Athens,Greece for his work on the scientific aspects of maritime delimitation.His research interests are maritime delimitation,cartographic generalization,and computational cartography.ORCID,Christos Kastrisios,http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9481-3501,Christos.Kastrisios@unh.edu;Brian Calder is a Research Associate Professor and the Associate Director of the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping/University of New Hampshire.He has a PhD in Electrical and Electronic Engineering,completing his thesis on Bayesian methods in Sidescan Sonar processing in 1997.His research interests include methods for error modeling,propagation and visualization,and adaptive sonar backscatter modeling.ORCID,Brian Calder,http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9871-7824;Giuseppe Masetti is a research Assistant Professor with the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping/University of New Hampshire.He received his PhD degree in System Monitoring and Environmental Risk Management from the University of Genoa,Italy.His research interest include methods to improve survey data acquisition and processing,with a focus on acoustic seafloor characterization.ORCID,Giuseppe Masetti,http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9632-6747;Peter Holmberg received a B.S.degree in Geography from Oregon State University in 2001.He joined NOAA in 2001 as in intern and was hired as a Physical Scientist in 2002.He is the Cartographic Team Leader at Pacific Hydrographic Branch where he oversees compilation of hydrographic data to chart scale deliverables which are applied to NOAA’s suite of nautical charts.ORCID,Peter Holmberg,http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6804-3598。
