摘要
为明晰中长距离自由泳时空分布特征和发展格局,探索我国中长距离自由泳发展战略,优化项目布局。以第27-31届奥运会中长距离自由泳项目奖牌和数量为研究对象,综合运用文献调研、数理统计等方法探究中长距离自由泳时空分布及演变特征。结果发现:(1)获奥运会中长距离自由泳奖牌的国家分布不均衡,自第28届奥运会以来,美、澳争霸的旧格局已被打破,澳大利亚成绩低迷,中、英等国展现实力,一超多强的世界竞争格局正在形成。(2)美国男女实力均衡,且在女子项目上优势显著;中国在奖牌分布上总体呈现“男强女弱”,优势项目为男子200米、男子400米;女子200米和男子1500米项目奖牌较为分散,是奖牌争夺的重点。(3)经济发展水平、人口数量和地理位置不直接影响中长距离自由泳奖牌的空间分布;中国奖牌分布集中在浙江、上海、北京;金牌多依靠优秀高水平运动员的个人表现,优秀运动员未能形成集群效应;开展省份少、男女实力不均、优势项目与强国重叠度高等因素制约我国中长距离自由泳进一步发展。
In order to clarify the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and development pattern of middle-to-long distance freestyle,explore the development strategy of middle-to-long distance freestyle in China and optimize the program layout,the spatial and temporal distribution and evolution characteristics of middle-to-long freestyle events in the 27th to 31st Olympic Games are analyzed by literature research,mathematical statistics.It shows that:(1)The distribution of countries winning middle-to-long freestyle medals in the Olympic Games is uneven.Since the 28th Olympic Games,the pattern of the United States and Australia competing has been broken.Australia’s performance is sluggish,while China and UK show their strength.A world competitive pattern of one superpower and many powers is taking shape.(2)The United States shows a balance of strength between men and women,and has a significant advantage in women’s events.The overall distribution of medals in China is"strong in men and weak in women"with the dominant events of 200 m men and 400 m men.200 m Women and 1500 m men medals are scattered,which become the key of medal competition.(3)The level of economic development,population size and geographical location do not directly affect the spatial distribution of middle-to-long distance freestyle medals.Chinese medals are mainly distributed in Zhejiang,Shanghai and Beijing.Gold medals mostly rely on the individual performance of excellent high-level athletes,and excellent athletes fail to form a cluster effect.There are many factors restricting the further development of China’s medium and middle-to-long distance freestyle.
作者
何惠敏
He Huimin(Sport and Health College of East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)
出处
《体育科技文献通报》
2021年第7期100-103,129,共5页
Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology
关键词
奥运会
中长距离自由泳
奖牌
时空分布
Olympic Games
Middle-to-Long Distance Freestyle Swimming
medal
spatial-temporal distribution
作者简介
何惠敏(1998-),女,浙江杭州人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向:运动专项理论与实践。
