摘要
针对现有的谷子穴播排种器因结构设计和材料选择不合理而导致充种效果差等问题,本文旨在通过明确谷子穴播排种器的种箱等结构参数与谷子种子物料特性之间的关系改善谷子穴播效果,以黑龙江地区种植较多的大穗金谷、张杂谷13号、龙谷31号三种谷子种子为研究对象,通过试验测量了三种谷子种子的外形尺寸、千粒重、孔隙率、内摩擦角、自然休止角、滑动摩擦角、悬浮速度等物料特性,结果表明:大穗金谷种子的长度均值为2.21 mm,宽度均值为1.79 mm,高度均值为1.25 mm;张杂谷13号种子的长度均值为2.13 mm,宽度均值为1.76 mm,高度均值为1.33 mm;龙谷31号种子的长度均值为2.08 mm,宽度均值为1.71 mm,高度均值为1.41 mm,三种谷子种子的球形度大部分处于79%~85%之间;千粒重为大穗金谷2.98 g、张杂谷13号3.24 g、龙谷31号3.52 g,孔隙率为大穗金谷0.271%、张杂谷13号0.236%、龙谷31号0.204%。自然休止角随内摩擦角增大而增大;三种谷子种子在同一种材料上滑动摩擦角大小差异不明显,在塑料板上滑动摩擦角最小;三种谷子种子悬浮速度都很小,均小于2 m/s。通过对试验结果分析,为了获得更好的充种和排种效果,种箱与水平面夹角应大于30°,材料选用塑料板,同时应降低投种高度,并加装导种装置。试验结果为谷子穴播排种器结构参数的设计提供参考。
Aiming at the problems of poor seed filling effect caused by unreasonable structure design and material selection of the existing hill-drop seeding device for millet,this paper attempts to improve the effect of hill-drop seeding by clarifying the relationship between structural parameters such as seedbox of hill-drop seeding device and characteristics of millet seed material.Three kinds of millet seeds,dashuijingu,zhangzagu 13 and Longgu 31,which are widely planted in Heilongjiang Province,were selected as the research objects.The material characteristics of three kinds of millet seeds,such as shape size,1000-grain weight,porosity,internal friction angle,natural repose angle,sliding friction angle and suspension velocity,were measured through experiments The results showed that the mean length,width,and height of Dashuijinguu seeds were 2.21 mm,1.79 mm,and 1.25 mm,respectively.The average length,width,and height of Zhangzagu 13 seeds were 2.13 mm,1.76 mm,and 1.33 mm,respectively.The average length,width,and height of Longgu 31 seeds were 2.08 mm,1.71 mm,and 1.41 mm,respectively.Most of the sphericity of the three kinds of millet seeds were between 79%and 85%.The 1000-grain weight of Dashuijingu is 2.98 g,Zhangzagu 13 is 3.24 g,and Longgu 31 is 3.52 g.The porosity of Dashuijingu is 0.271%,Zhangzagu 13 is 0.236%,and Longgu 31 is 0.204%.The natural angle of repose increases with the increase of internal friction angle.The sliding friction angle of the three kinds of millet seeds on the same material has no significant difference,and the sliding friction angle on the plastic plate is the smallest.The suspension velocities of the three kinds of millet seeds are all very small,less than 2 m/s.Through the analysis of the test results,in order to obtain better effects of seed filling and seed arrangement,the angle between the seed box and the horizontal plane should be greater than 30°,the material should be plastic plates,the height of the seed feeding should be reduced,and the seed guide device should be installed.The experimental results provided a reference for the design of the structural parameters of the hill-seeder for millet.
作者
陈涛
衣淑娟
李衣菲
陶桂香
毛欣
Chen Tao;Yi Shujuan;Li Yifei;Tao Guixiang;Mao Xin(College of Engineering,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing,163319,China)
出处
《中国农机化学报》
北大核心
2021年第5期75-80,共6页
Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization
基金
黑龙江省特色学科建设项目
“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0701801-02)。
关键词
谷子种子
千粒重
孔隙率
内摩擦角
自然休止角
滑动摩擦角
millet seed
porosity
internal friction angle
angle of natural repose
sliding friction angle
作者简介
第一作者:陈涛,男,1996年生,黑龙江佳木斯人,硕士研究生,研究方向为小粒杂粮穴播排种器。E-mail:2841662304@qq.com;通讯作者:衣淑娟,女,1965年生,山东栖霞人,博士,教授,博导,研究方向为小粒杂粮穴播排种器,E-mail:yishujuan_2005@126.com。
