从约束走向包容:中国生育政策转型研究被引量：19

From Restriction to Inclusiveness:China’s Birth Policy Transformation towards High-Quality Development Goals

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摘要伴随中国经济发展进入新常态,人口形势发生重大转折性变化,生育政策的转型变得不可避免。从实现经济-人口双系统高质量发展目标的角度,阐述中国生育政策迄今为止两次转型的背景和必要性,并对生育政策第二次转型所涉及的包容性内涵进行讨论显得尤为重要。目前中国生育政策已经完成第一次转型,即从以控制人口过快增长为目标的数量约束性策略,转向以统筹解决人口问题为目标的结构优化性策略。第一次转型在某种程度上可视为生育政策的改良而非改革。生育政策的第二次转型是转向以实现适度生育水平为目标的包容性策略,其中生育政策的包容性可从政策的延续性、方式的灵活性和措施的多样性三个方面加以理解。第二次转型是政策内容和方向的重要改革。理解生育政策的转型,需区分政策总目标与阶段性目标,同时准确把握与时代背景下经济-人口双系统的发展要求相适应的阶段性目标和政策策略。 As China’s economic development has entered a new normal and the population situation has undergone a major transition,the transformation of the birth policy is inevitable.From the perspective of realizing the high-quality development goals of economy-population systems,this paper expounds the background and necessity of the two transformations of China’s birth policy so far,and discusses the inclusive connotation of the second transformation.At present,China’s birth policy has completed its first transformation,that is,from a quantity constraint strategy aimed at controlling the over-rapid growth of population to a structural optimization strategy aimed at solving population problems.To some extent,the first transformation can be regarded as an improvement rather than a reform.The second transformation of the birth policy,a reform of contents and direction of the birth policy,is turning to an inclusive strategy aimed at realizing the moderate fertility level.The inclusiveness of the birth policy can be understood from three aspects:the continuity of the policy,the flexibility of methods and the diversity of measures.To understand the transformation of the birth policy,it is necessary to distinguish the general goal of the policy from the stage goals,and to grasp accurately the stage goals and policy strategies that meet the development requirements of the economy-population dual system in different eras.

作者宋健 SONG Jian(Renmin University of China)

机构地区中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心

出处《华中科技大学学报（社会科学版）》 CSSCI 北大核心 2021年第3期86-91,106,共7页 Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基金国家社会科学基金重大项目“高质量发展视域下中国人口均衡发展的理论建构与多维测度研究”(20&ZD173)。

关键词生育政策转型高质量发展经济-人口双系统政策包容性政策策略 transformation of the birth policy high-quality development economy-population dual system policy inclusiveness policy strategies

分类号 C924.21 [社会学—人口学]

作者简介宋健,中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心副主任、教授、博士研究生导师。