摘要
为了更好落实2030健康中国战略,建设利于居民健康的城市环境,风景园林学科需要联合相关学科建立系统性的公共健康理论实践框架,以提升绿色开放空间的整体健康供给水平。本文根据疾病负担的伤残调整年指标统计得出目前中国首要的健康威胁来自代谢、呼吸两大类慢性疾病;在现有文献基础上,从提高自然暴露、降低环境污染、促进健康行为3方面讨论了自然要素影响健康的主要途径和机制。并针对规划体系的各个环节,提出从宏观规划尺度、高频使用场所品质、邻里可步行性、生态修复和安全隔离4方面建立公共健康基础设施的实施战略,以指导从宏观系统布局到健康关键性地段的规划设计。
Over the past 40 years after the reform and opening up,China has grown rapidly and steadily,people’s living standards have steadily improved,and the average life expectancy has increased.However,it must also be noted that with the progress of the economy and the development of urbanization,some negative problems in the urban environment have begun to appear,and people’s health levels have also been affected as the urban environment deteriorates.Therefore,while discussing the main health threats and how the environment affects them,we should focus on how to help solve them through the supply of urban green open space,which is one of the current focuses of healthy city construction.Urban green space cannot only increase the natural exposure level in promoting the health of residents,but also reduce environmental pollution and promote healthy behaviors,and in general a systematic strategic layout of public health.However,there is still a lack of mature planning indicators and guidance for health,and further research is needed.And this kind of research may need to consider the degree of harm or burden from Chinese diseases to urban residents.When planning the supply of public health infrastructure for health,we must first understand the current main health threats to Chinese urban residents;then identify the mechanisms by which the natural space in the city is adapted to alleviate these health threats,and the space to achieve this impact environmental design requirements;finally,these fragmentary design requirements are translated into the space planning system,especially the identification of the main public health infrastructure in the green open space design.Through the analysis of this article,different diseases have certain differences in distribution,but they also show certain regular regional characteristics.For example,metabolic diseases have a higher incidence in sparsely populated places,which requires urban construction.In order to reduce the incidence of metabolic diseases,on the one hand,we must strengthen the layout of health facilities and urban accessibility in cities,especially in areas or facilities for first aid and self-rescue in sparsely populated provinces and cities;on the other hand,we need to improve the walkability level of urban parks,which will reduce motor vehicle travel.It is very important to increase walkability parks near residential areas so as to promote physical activity and improve immunity.The distribution of diseases is also related to the green open space of the city.For example,respiratory diseases can mainly reduce the exposure to health risks through the planning of the built-up regional green space system,and the use of vegetation from urban greening to prevent dust,especially in residential areas and industries.It will be valuable to strengthen the dust retention of plants near the pollution source area.Some evergreen trees and shrubs with larger leaves,such as camphor,magnolia,etc.,can be used to effectively retain dust and reduce environmental air pollution in urban activities.At the same time,strengthening the walkability near the residential area to improve residents’activity participation and the diversity of facilities to strengthen physical activity can also effectively prevent diseases.Based on the existing literature,the main ways and mechanisms of natural factors affecting health are discussed from three aspects:increasing natural exposure,reducing environmental pollution,and promoting healthy behaviors.At the same time,there are some key points in the public blue-green space.Firstly,the quality of high-frequency used places—the health benefits of natural contact,emphasizing the outstanding aspects of health benefits.Second,neighborhood walkability—the main part of the street and pedestrian network,to connect residential areas,high-quality natural spaces and more important public facilities in series,which is also critical to the change of people’s living habits.Thirdly,ecological restoration and sanitary isolation—the protection of contaminated spaces to enhance the green landscape of the city.Therefore,it can protect and maintain all kinds of precious natural resources and green infrastructure.Through these four aspects,the implementation strategy of public health infrastructure is established to guide the planning and design of the macro-system layout on the key areas of health.
作者
周珂
陈奕言
陈筝
ZHOU Ke;CHEN Yiyan;CHEN Zheng
出处
《西部人居环境学刊》
CSCD
2021年第2期11-22,共12页
Journal of Human Settlements in West China
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(51878461)。
作者简介
周珂,重庆交通大学建筑与城市规划学院,硕士研究生;陈奕言,同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,硕士研究生;通讯作者:陈筝,同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,副教授,zhengchen@tongji.edu.cn。
