摘要
为了使传统仿自然型鱼道适应更大水头差,有更好的水流流态、满足不同鱼种对水流流速的要求,通过水槽模型试验和资料分析的方法,研究不同断面结构形式对仿自然型鱼道水流流态的影响,并提出了一种具有多级流速通道的过鱼断面形式,随后在此基础上对这种鱼道的消能率进行了研究。结果表明:通过增加第一排第一组蛮石的长度和高度,延长水流路径,可降低低流速通道的水流流速;通过增加一条中流速通道,可降低两侧高速通道的流速,均衡各通道流速,增加断面的过鱼效率;该鱼道断面消能率随着水深的增加有降低的趋势,当水深与第一排蛮石高度基本齐平时,消能效率最高。采用该设计方案既可增加鱼道的过鱼效率和过鱼种类,又可使鱼道适应较大水头差,与以往设计相比,可缩短鱼道长度、减小工程投资。研究成果可为仿自然型鱼道结构设计提供参考依据。
In order to make the traditional artificial natural-like fishway adapt to larger head, possess better flow pattern, and meet flow velocity requirements of different fishes, the influence of different cross-section forms on flow pattern of the artificial natural-like fishway was studied through flume model test and data analysis.Then, a cross-section form with multi-stage flow velocity was proposed, and on this basis, the energy dissipation rate of this fishway was studied.The results showed that by increasing the length and height of the first group of wild stones, and extending the flow path, the flow velocity of the low flow channel can be reduced.By adding a medium flow channel, the flow velocity of high flow channels on both sides can be reduced, the flow velocity of each channel was balanced, and the fish-passing efficiency of the section increased.The energy dissipation rate of the fishway section tended to decrease with increasing of water depth, and the energy dissipation efficiency was the highest when the water depth was as high as the first row of wild stones.Adopting this design can not only increase the efficiency of fish passage and fish species, but also make the fishway more adapt to large water head difference.Compared with previous design, it can shorten the fishway length and reduce the investment of project.The research results can provide reference for the design of natural-like fishway structure.
作者
张艳艳
胡晓张
杨芳
吕文斌
张金明
莫伟均
ZHANG Yanyan;HU Xiaozhang;YANG Fang;LV Wenbin;ZHANG Jinming;MO Weijun(Pearl River Hydraulic Research Institute,Pearl River Water Resources Commission,Guangzhou 510611,China)
出处
《人民长江》
北大核心
2021年第4期225-229,共5页
Yangtze River
关键词
仿自然型鱼道
断面形式
消能率
水槽试验
artificial natural-like fishway
section form
energy dissipation rate
flume experiment
作者简介
张艳艳,女,高级工程师,博士,主要从事水环境、水生态及河流动力学方面的研究。E-mail:yy_zhang08@163.com。
