摘要
2021年开始实施的《民法典》对我国矿业权制度进行了系统性治理。在权利性质方面,《民法典·物权编》确立了采矿权的用益物权属性,有助于《矿产资源法》的相关修订消除矿业权制度与物权因素的冲突。在矿业权流转方面,《民法典》绿色原则的确立,使符合生态资源保护成为矿业权流转合同的生效要件;而矿业权的得丧变更需符合物权变动的区分原则,从许可制转向登记制,突出了行政许可因素的剥离。《民法典·侵权责任编》则对采矿挖掘等行为造成的环境损害责任如何认定与分配损失,确立了“绿色原则”指导下的生态损害赔偿规则与集体诉讼制度。
China s Civil Code provides systematic governance of China s mining rights system.In terms of the nature of rights,the Civil Code establishes the properties of usufruct of mining rights,which helps the relevant amendments to the Mineral Resources Law to eliminate the conflict between the mining rights system and the factors of property rights.With regard to the transfer of mining rights,the establishment of the green principle in the Civil Code makes compliance with the protection of ecological resources an effective element of the contract for the transfer of mining rights;while rights transferring needs to comply with the principle of distinction in the change of property rights.The Civil Code establishes how to determine the responsibility for environmental damage caused by mining and excavation and how to allocate losses.The promulgation of the Civil Code is a systematic governance of mining rights system,it is a significant milestone for the future development of China s mining rights system.
作者
张凌寒
ZHANG Linghan(Law School,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《中国矿业》
2021年第3期14-17,共4页
China Mining Magazine
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“网络平台监管的算法问责制研究”资助(编号:20BFX151)。
关键词
民法典
矿业权制度
用益物权
采矿权转让
环境损害赔偿
the Civil Code
mining rights system
usufructuary rights
transferring of mining rights
environmental damage
作者简介
张凌寒(1982-),女,河北张家口人,副教授,主要从事民商法研究,E-mail:zl343@ustb.edu.cn。
