摘要
为提高高铁列车消防安全水平和应急救援能力,以复兴号某二等车厢为原型,利用模型试验和数值模拟,在车厢外施加不同大小的纵向风,测试车厢内火灾热释放速率(HRR)、顶棚烟气温度、人眼特征高度烟气场温度、CO体积分数和能见度等参数,分析风环境对高铁车厢行李火灾发展蔓延特征和人员疏散安全性的影响。结果表明:无风状态下,行李燃烧的HRR达到1108 kW时,火灾发生轰燃;风速在4~4.5 m/s之间存在临界值,当低于该临界值时,外界环境风卷吸新鲜空气促进火势的发展;当风速高于该临界值时,外界环境风的排烟散热作用更显著,抑制火势发展;同时环境风加剧了能见度的下降和烟气蔓延,不利于下风向的人员疏散。
In order to improve fire safety level and emergency rescue capabilities of high-speed trains,with a second-class carriage of Fuxing train as a prototype,parameters such as fire HRR,ceiling smoke temperature,smoke field temperature at human eye characteristic height,CO concentration and visibility were tested by model experiments and numerical simulations under different velocity of longitudinal winds outside carriage.Then,influence of wind environment on development characteristic of luggage fires in carriage and passenger evacuation safety was analyzed.The results show that when total HRR of luggage fire reaches 1108 k W without influence of wind,fire flashover bursts out.And there is a critical value between 4 and 4.5 m/s.External wind will entrain fresh air and enhance development of fire when its speed is lower than critical value,and on the contrary,its smoke dissipation and cooling effect will be more significant,which further inhibits fire development.Meanwhile,wind exacerbates spread of smoke and decreases visibility,which is not conducive to evacuation of passengers from downwind.
作者
李娜
张艳
华宇东
张培红
LI Na;ZHANG Yan;HUA Yudong;ZHANG Peihong(School of Resources and Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang Liaoning 110819,China;Guangzhou Automobile Group Co.,Ltd.,Fiat Chrysler Automobiles Group,Changsha Hunan 410100,China)
出处
《中国安全科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第12期141-147,共7页
China Safety Science Journal
基金
国家自然科学基金资助(51774067)。
关键词
外界风场
高铁车厢
行李火灾
热释放速率(HRR)
能见度
external wind field
high-speed railway carriage
luggage fire
heat release rate(HRR)
visibility
作者简介
李娜(1995-),女,辽宁丹东人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为火灾防治理论与技术。E-mail:linaedu@126.com;通信作者:张培红(1969-),女,河南南阳人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事火灾安全科学与技术、应急管理等方面的研究。E-mail:zhangpeihong@mail.neu.edu.cn。
