摘要
正义不单单是一个法权概念,更是一个特定的社会历史范畴。马克思对资本主义社会的控诉不仅仅是谴责资本主义是不正义的,最重要的是论证这种生产方式本身的缺陷性,这种缺陷使得正义和权利的存在成为必需。对正义的解读不能脱离特定的社会生产力水平和生产关系的维度,对资本主义社会的批判也饱含着生产力和道德的双重标准,即事实判断和价值判断。站在人类历史发展的高度,马克思设想了一个实现了人的自由全面发展的共产主义社会,并揭示了这一社会取代资本主义社会的客观必然性,但这是一个漫长的历史发展进程,需要物质财富的极大丰富和社会生产力的高度发达。在消除了阶级差别和对立的共产主义社会,固然不存在协调阶级冲突的权利标准,法权意义上的正义走向消亡,但并非完全排斥一种内在的正义需求,仍需要价值层面的正义加以引导,协调人与人之间的利益冲突。正义的标准是内在于社会的,共产主义并非一个完全超越正义的社会,反而以正义为前提,是高阶正义的真正实现,是真理性与价值性的统一。准确理解这一实质对于分析和解决当下社会公平正义问题具有重要的借鉴意义。
Justice is not only a concept of legal rights, but also a specific category of social history. Marx’s accusation against capitalist society is not only condemning capitalism as unjust, but the most important is to demonstrate the defects of this mode of production itself, which makes the existence of justice and rights necessary. The interpretation of justice can not be separated from the specific dimensions of social productivity level and production relations. The critique of capitalist society also contains the double standards of productivity and morality, namely factual judgment and value judgment. Standing at the height of the development of human history, Marx conceived a communist society that realized justice and rights, and revealed the objective inevitability of this society replacing capitalist society, but this is a long historical development process,which requires a great wealth of material wealth and a highly developed social productivity. In communist society where class differences and opposites have been eliminated, there is no right standard to coordinate class conflicts, and justice in the sense of legal rights is dying out, but it does not completely exclude an internal demand for justice, and still needs justice at the value level to guide and coordinate the conflicts between people. The standard of justice is inherent in the society. Communism is not a society that transcends justice completely, but takes justice as the premise, that is the real realization of high-order justice, and is the unity of truth and value. An accurate understanding of this essence has important reference significance for analyzing and solving the current issue of social equity and justice.
作者
张晶晶
童萍
ZHANG Jingjing;TONG Ping(Department of Philosophy,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100089;School of Marxism,Party School of the Beijing Municipal Committee of CPC,Beijing 100037)
出处
《长白学刊》
北大核心
2021年第1期47-54,共8页
Changbai Journal
基金
国家社科基金项目“《资本论》语境中马克思的社会公正观及其当代价值研究”(16BKS010)
首都师范大学研究生高水平创新项目“正义及其超越:论马克思对拉萨尔正义理论的批判”(2055069)。
关键词
正义
共产主义
低阶正义
高阶正义
Justice
Communism
Low-Order Justice
High-Order Justice
作者简介
张晶晶(1991-),女,首都师范大学哲学系博士研究生;童萍(1979-),女,哲学博士,中共北京市委党校马克思主义学院副教授。
