摘要
南京大屠杀幸存者口述中包含着三种记忆:个人记忆、家庭记忆、社群记忆。个人记忆中,幸存者亲身受害的经历、亲眼目睹的日军暴行是主要内容。家庭记忆是在幸存者与其家庭成员的沟通交流中建构起来的,并为每一位家庭成员所共享。家庭成员的死亡、受伤及家庭成员见证的日军暴行,构成了幸存者讲述的家庭记忆的主要内容。社群记忆同样形成于社群内部成员的互动交往中。在南京大屠杀幸存者口述中,城区幸存者与农村地区幸存者讲述的社群记忆呈现出各自不同的面貌。概而言之,南京大屠杀幸存者的口述中交杂着个人记忆、家庭记忆、社群记忆三种记忆成分。对幸存者而言,这三种记忆共同构成了他们对南京大屠杀的认知与回想。
There are three types of memories in the oral account of Nanjing Massacre survivors,namely,individual memories,family memories and community memories.In individualmemories,the survivors’personal experience and the atrocities by the Japanese army theywitnessed are the main content.Family memories are constructed through the communicationbetween survivors and their family members,and shared by each member.The deaths and injuries of family members as well as the atrocities committed by the Japanese army witnessed bythem constitute the main content of the described family memories of the survivors. Communitymemories are also formed in the interaction of members within the community. In the oralaccounts of Nanjing Massacre survivors,the community memories narrated by urban survivorsand rural survivors took on different aspects. Generally speaking, the survivors' oral accounts aremixed with three memory elements:individual memories,family memories and communitymemories.These three types of memories jointly constitute the survivors’ cognition andrecollection of Nanjing Massacre.
出处
《日本侵华南京大屠杀研究》
CSSCI
2020年第4期19-31,136,137,共15页
Journal of Japanese Invasion of China and Nanjing Massacre
基金
侵华日军南京大屠杀遇难同胞纪念馆、南京侵华日军南京大屠杀史研究会重点项目“社会记忆理论视域下的南京大屠杀幸存者的口述史”(YJH201903)的阶段性研究成果。
作者简介
马雪萍,南京师范大学社会发展学院硕士研究生。
